Evaluations on Talent Requirements, Timing of the Best Estimate and Da Coursework

Evaluations on Talent Requirements, Timing of the Best Estimate and Data for a Self Evaluation - Coursework Example OFCCP has published voluntary guidelines for self-evaluation of various compensation practices prevalent. The final set of voluntary guidelines has been published on 16th November 2004 in Federal Register. In this notice, OFCCP proposed the voluntary guidelines which need to be followed in order to prepare the compensation packages. Firstly the guidelines proposed that the contractor can choose any self-evaluation program that he considers appropriate keeping in mind the OFCCP regulations. Secondly, the voluntary guideline has outlined some general principles that need to be followed while preparing the self-evaluation program. A compliance review needs to be carried out in order to assess whether the compensation program is as per the section I of the voluntary guidelines. OPCCP analyses whether the contracts are as per the standards set in the compensation self-evaluation program. OFCCP reviews the data provided in order to find whether the contractor's compensation program meet the standard guidelines. OFCCP personnel even direct the technical issues so that the contractors prepare guidelines as per the standards set. OFCCP treats the information provided by the contractors as confidential and do not subject the information to public disclosure as per Freedom of Information Act, 5 U.S.C. 552. The company needs to follow the compensation guidelines in order to prepare the compensation project. The company needs to analyze the expected value gained by the company as a result of following the compensation guidelines. A self-evaluation needs to be performed on the employees who are â€Å"similarly situated†. Employees can be placed in the same SSEG if they are performing similar tasks and occupying similar responsibility position. In order to carry out self-evolution the documents required, must justify and explain its decisions in the respect of the SSEG. Data is used for the purpose of statistical analysis for the next 2 years and this helps in preparing an effective compensation package (Balsam, 2002, p.35). The contractor must make all the documentation and data referenced as per section IE of the voluntary guidelines.  

History of the Ming Dynasty

History of the Ming Dynasty The Ming Dynasty was one of great importance in Chinese history, and from its humble beginnings in 1368 came the most impressive architectural achievement in China – The Forbidden City. This city, built by three master architects chosen by Emperor YongLe, became the center of all diplomatic activity for the emperor and those closely associated with him. Over a thousand great buildings were created for the Forbidden City, all to be used by the emperor and his servants. Palaces for domestic life, several more palaces for the empress and her servants, religious buildings, buildings used for political work, and lavish gardens all filled the grounds of the new capital. However, what was most interesting about Emperor YongLes Forbidden City was not that of all the buildings themselves, but the premises upon which they were built, premises of religion and symbolism that remain important to Chinese society to this day. Following the demise of the Ming Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty emerged and Emperor Qianlongs six extravagant art collections emerged along with it. These six art collections, some bearing Western influenced, included an assorted amount of ceramics, paintings, sculpture, bronze ware, jade and other minor arts, and all were enmeshed with the art previously brought in to the Forbidden City by Emperor YongLe. The stylistic architectural decisions instituted by Emperor YongLe while building the Forbidden City, along with Emperor Qianlongs six art collections, reflect the importance of religion, symbolism, and art in Chinese culture, and remain to be important aspects of China in present times. The grandson of a peasant who was one â€Å"of only three peasants ever to become an emperor of China,† Emperor YongLe was the third emperor in the Ming Dynasty. YongLe â€Å"fought alongside his father in the Yunnan campaign to clear the country of the last bastion of Mongolian resistance,† and despite being considered as exemplary, he was overlooked as emperor. Instead, the elder emperor, having bypassed his son, chose to make his grandson the emperor. This did not sit well with Emperor YongLe who later usurped his nephew and changed his reign name to that which he is remembered by, YongLe, or â€Å"Perpetually Happy.† YongLe ruled from 1403 to 1424 and tended to be remembered as one of the emperors who had done the most for China, most notably, moving the capital of China from Nanjing to Beijing in the North. It was here that YongLe was approached by one of his spiritual advisors, who told the emperor of a vision he had of a great Imperial city. It was under this particular advisement that the Emperor decided to build this Forbidden City, the center of all life for the emperors, not only during YongLes reign, but for the reigns of emperors during other dynasties as well. In the introduction of the book The Palace Museum: Peking, author Wan-go Wen asserts that â€Å"for every supreme ruler of China, his capital was the center of the earth – not merely the seat of government but a solemn symbol of imperial power and authority and of the ideal polity,† and the Forbidden City was an ideal example of this center of the earth for Emperor YongLe. This imperial palace, was actually named â€Å"the Purple Forbidden City,† and was named as such â€Å"after the Purple Luminous Constellation with Polaris, the North Star, in its center – a heavenly equivalent of the earthly residence of the supreme ruler.† Author Yu Zhuyon claimed that â€Å"fixed in time and space, [the Pole Star] was to be found at the apex of the vault of heaven and the gods of all the other stars revolved around it in homage,† and as the emperor was the leader of all of his people, the idea of Polaris coincided with the idea of the Forbidden City. This religious idea, and comparison of the Emperor to the deity in his â€Å"apex of his vault of heaven,† showed not only how important the Emperor was to his people, but also how the Emperor himself was revered as a god-like incarnation on Earth. Before the Forbidden City was even built, Emperor YongLe put much thought and effort into its construction, bringing in three master architects who were to adhere to the strictest set of religious rules, such as the idea of yin and yang, in the construction and building of the Forbidden City. There were three important aspects in the planning of the City itself, and all three were noted by Yu Zhuyon. The first of these three points was the fact that there was no natural water supply to the Forbidden City itself, so â€Å"water was channeled into it from the Great Liquid Pool at the northwest corner† and this channeling aided in bringing water into the Inner Court. The second of these three points stemmed from the Emperors desire to have a long walkway in his City, much like the wide walkway used at the palaces of the Northern Song dynasty. With careful research and precision, these builders applied the â€Å"Song Layout,† from the aforementioned Northern Song dynasty, which allowed for â€Å"the grandeur of the wide avenue,† which was what the Emperor desired. Finally, Yu Zhuyon explains the third point that was important in the pre-construction of the Forbidden City, that being the creation of a moat behind the Forbidden City in the style that â€Å"corresponded to the arrangement at the Ming palace in Nanjing,† which was built specifically to make the city more secure for the empress, as well as the emperors concubines. It was at this point that construction of the Forbidden City could begin and all the planning could evolve from mere plans to reality. When it finally came time to build the thousand buildings that make up the Forbidden City, three things were done to prepare for it: the collection of timber, the production and transportation of bricks and tiles, and the transportation of large quarrying stones. The work that went into gathering all these items was done by a large amount of people, and many of these people who built the Forbidden City put themselves in grave danger to acquire these supplies. To secure the use of this timber â€Å"involved first rolling [logs] into the dry mountain gullies. They were lashed together to form rafts and left to await the torrents which plunged down the mountainside during the rainy season†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and then, when this timber finally made arrived at its destination, it was put in massive storerooms until it was to be used. The production and transportation of the surface bricks for the walls of the city were not the mud bricks that were commonly used, because these bricks, over time, suffered from a great deal of wear. Instead, the Forbidden City was built with clay bricks which were made first by mixing water and clay together, and then put in the sun to dry. These were not the most important aspects of the building materials in the city – those were the roof tiles that were symbolically representative of the Five elements and the â€Å"golden brick† floor tiles from Suzho. These â€Å"golden bricks† were â€Å"the finest floor tiles, smooth and dense,† and called â€Å"golden bricks† because they sounded like metal when they were hit. Finally came the moving of the heavy quarrying stone, which involved the creation of a slippery slope that builders could push said quarrying stone along. These stones held particular importance in the creation of the Forbidden City, because these specific stones relied on the ideas of space and distance which, when paired with the ideas of yin and yang and the Five elements, reflected many of the major aspects of Chinese cultural beliefs. The idea of space and distance, when applied to the architecture of the Forbidden City correlated with the ideas of â€Å"cosmic environment for the imperial family,† which intertwined itself with the idea of the Emperor being a deity. The theory of the five Elements and the omnipotent idea of yin and yang were also important in the architecture of the Forbidden City as both were pivotal parts of Chinese history. The idea of yin and yang emerged during the Han dynasty in 207 B.C. and has remained a part of the Chinese lifestyle. Under the idea of yin came the ideas of â€Å"maleness, the sun, creation, light, heat, Heaven, dominance, and so on,† while the opposite fell under the ideas of yang. According to Washington State University professor Richard Hooker, all aspects of life could be explained by these two opposite ideas of yin and yang, and these two ideas were applied to the building of the YongLes city. Where even numbers take precedence in the Inner Court (such as the six Western palaces for the empress, and the emperors concubines), odd numbers are dominant in the Outer Court or â€Å"the system of the three halls and five gates.† Following the use of yin and yang in the architecture of the Forbidden City was the use of the Five elements, which were fire, water, metal/gold, wood, and Earth, and each person and creation carried some combination of these elements around in them. These elements all were represented by different colors, and these colors were used in the architecture of the city itself, such as green tiles that represented â€Å"the tenderness of spring and corresponds to the east† being used to tile the Hall that was used for study. The carefully thought out application of yin and yang, as well as the citys Five elements of water, fire, metal/gold, wood, and Earth, reflected the symbolism of these two ideas that, as mentioned previously, still play large roles in the lives of Chinese citizens. To enter the Forbidden City, one must first remove their shoes, and leave their horses and carts outside the palace doors. Inside, the city contains over a thousand buildings, each of these buildings being significant in their own way. There is not a building in the entire compound that is out of place, they all mean something, and have symbolic representations that were well planned out ahead of time. One of the most important of these buildings is the Gate of Great Harmony (also known as the Gate of Supreme Harmony), known as the greatest gate in the entire Forbidden City. The Gate of Great Harmony is the pathway that one must take to reach the Three Great Audience Halls, which are three large buildings that â€Å"occupy the main space of the Forbidden City, covering an expanse of 85,000 sq. m.† This Gate of Great Harmony, described by Weng as â€Å"elegant and expansive,† was oftentimes used by the emperor himself when he spoke to the people in the Forbidden City. To create this gate, â€Å"a new architectural element is now introduced to define the inner style: marble terraces, with intricately carved railings,† which, prior to this time, had never been used. After some time had passed, however, the emperor ceased to use this gate at all. Despite this fact, this particular gate played a role in the symbolism of Heaven on Earth because the Hall of Supreme Harmony, which was built to recreate the aforementioned Heaven on Earth, was accessed through this gate. The Hall of Supreme Harmony is the largest courtyard in the Forbidden City and carries both religious and symbolic importance. Zhuyon wrote that â€Å"this courtyard truly gives rise to the feeling that Heaven is high and earth is broad,† and it was true, as this expansive garden is home to some of the most elaborate pieces of sculpture in the entire Forbidden City. This Hall of Supreme Harmony is also one of religious importance, as it is a Taoist temple that, although not used by YongLe, was in fact used by those who followed after him. The Hall also manages to show symbolic importance because it reflects YongLes application of yin and yang in the Imperial Garden. Just as important, if not more important, than the Outer Court, was the Inner Court, or the domestic area where the emperor and those closely associated to him lived and carried out their daily lives. Though the idea of space and distance was highly regarded and used in the Outer Court with great diligence, it was much harder for the Inner Court to be so spacious. Instead, these palaces and other buildings were built closely together. The Inner Court was the yang to the Outer Courts yin, and everything related to the Inner Court corresponded evenly, such as the Six Western and Six Eastern Palaces that were constructed to house all of the Emperors concubines. The two key features of the Inner Court were not these Six Western and Six Eastern Palaces, but instead remained to be the Palace of Heavenly Purity and the Palace of Earthly Tranquility, the two palaces which were not only home to the Emperor and the Empress, but also the palaces where the Emperor conducted business with his advisors, and where the Emperor â€Å"the emperor lay in state immediately following his death.† Over time, both of these Palaces would undergo incredible amounts of architectural renovation, specifically under the reign of Emperor Qianlong. Emperor Qianlongs renovation to YongLes vision was not his only contribution to the Forbidden City. Instead, his six extravagant art collections were in fact, his greatest contribution to the city itself. These six collections included beautiful pieces of ceramics, paintings and calligraphy, sculpture, bronze ware, jade, and so-called â€Å"minor arts† that remain on display in the Palace Museum in modern times. Though much of the architecture in the Forbidden City reflects the architectural decisions made by YongLe, the art is all reminiscent of Emperor Qianlong and his time in the Palace. Of all the art collections in his possession, it was noted that the collection of paintings and calligraphy were what Emperor Qianlong had the most of. In fact, Qianlong â€Å"practiced [painting and calligraphy] personally and thus saw from the viewpoint of an artist as well as a connoisseur.† Despite seeing from the viewpoint of an artist as well as a connoisseur, Qianlong was not very good at either painting or calligraphy, but that did not deter him from practicing or collecting, and Qianlong actually went so far as to use the example of fourth century artists handwriting to better his own calligraphy. Chinese calligraphy was a great art, with broad, sweeping strokes and vivid colors which were reminiscent of great paintings. These paintings have always been incredibly important in Chinese culture, and the paintings in the Forbidden City were no exception to this. The first Chinese paintings were simple black ink brush strokes on parchment paper, but â€Å"the efforts of later artists in their search for the expression of spirit or essence of all animate and inanimate objects extended from figure painting to landscape and bird and flower paintings†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and this expression of spirit was what Chinese artists became most known for. Zhu Jiajin claimed that â€Å"porcelain is one of Chinas great inventions, achieved through an amalgamation of the two disciplines of science and art,† and this is true. Chinas most important family of art is still to this day ceramics, or â€Å"china.† Though Emperor Qianlongs vast art collection contained pieces of china, some of these were beautiful vases and plates from the Ming Dynasty. Some artisans made vases out of vibrant colors such as blue, red, and black, while others made sculptures out of â€Å"pure white clay called kaolin.† Kaolin was not the only kind of clay that was available, and as time proceeded, many different types of ceramics also originated, and â€Å"under glaze decoration, a technique invented at the Changsha kilns† was used. In this form of decoration, the craftsman would decorate his vase or sculpture with a color, and then they would glaze the art and put it in the kiln. All these styles of ceramic artistry paved the way for other craftsmen in this same style. Sculptures were another form of art that made their way to the Forbidden City, and, as mentioned earlier, some of the most beautiful of these sculptures can be seen in the courtyard of the Hall of Supreme Harmony. â€Å"Stone, bone, horn, ivory, jade, shells, bamboo, and wood† were the chosen mediums that sculptors used to carve important figures of people and animals. One of the greatest discoveries of sculptures associated with the Forbidden City was the tomb of the first Qin Emperor. In this particular tomb was a monumental find that no one had known about, and this was a collection of life-sized clay soldiers and horses that were standing guard over the tomb of this great Emperor. It was said that, though the life-sized sculptures were made of clay, they were buried â€Å"with real chariots and weapons of that time, numbering more than seven thousand – an army sufficient to guard the supreme ruler in his afterlife.† There has been no greater or monumental find of such size and artistry found since this time, with the excavation of this tomb taking many painstaking years. Prior to the use of bronze in the creation of beautiful pieces of art, bronze was used by the Chinese for tools. As time progressed, artists began to craft three beautiful types of vessels that served three specific purposes – vessels for foods, wine vessels, and water vessels. These bronze vessels were used by Chinese nobility and reflected the styles of the times. Some of these sacrificial vessels contained images of people, but in later dynasties, the vessels stopped containing representations of people and turned more towards representations of animals. Artists began to inscribe poignant Chinese characters into their bronze vessels, these â€Å"master craftsmen of over 3,000 years ago were skilled in the art of the making of moulds and casting the finished article and were able to produce superb works which were well balanced with a sense of visual rhythm and strength†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and it was these craftsmen and Qianlongs interest in them that made these bronze vessels exceptional. In all of China, jade is viewed as something that is highly treasure, even above such fine metals as gold. â€Å"Jade is a material of supreme merit, possessing beauty, character, and mystery,† and has been used to make beautiful sculptures, vases, and tools. Chinese poets wrote beautiful poetry about jade, and artisans spent extended amounts of time coming up with innovative ways to cut and style the stone into gorgeous figurines. One of the most exquisite pieces of art from this time period is a sculpture that weighs close to 2000 pounds. This sculpture, called The Nine Elders of Huichang, was carved out of a boulder and has been on display in the Forbidden City for many years. Not only did artists carve sculptures out of jade, they also carved their prose into the sculptures that they created. Qianlong was so much an advocate of jade that he had a workshop built and had artisans come in to make figurines, boxes, and ornaments for him. It was due to Qianlongs immense favoritism of jade that this period of time is viewed as â€Å"the single most eventful era in the history of jade carving,† and there are some accounts that assert that, as a novice artist, Qianlong himself might have attempted to carve jade as well. The last collection of art to remain as an important part of the Forbidden City is that which scholars call â€Å"minor art.† These arts included handicraft arts, lacquer wares, cloisonnà © art, glass blowing, bamboo carving and work done with copper and enamel. One of the most famous of these minor arts artists emerged from the Imperial Palaces artistry workshop. This craftsman, Wu Zhifan, was a prolific bamboo carver who was known to carve â€Å"pagodas, dragon boats and the intricate reticulated balls carved from a single piece of ivory, one inside another and all movable,† and still other craftsmen were handpicked by the emperor himself to come and carve sculptures and other pieces of art for him out of ivory and bamboo. Lacquer ware artists poured lacquer, put it in the sun and then in a damp area, and were able to mold lacquer ware boxes and cups out of it. Another form of art, glass blowing, is one with origins that are unknown to scholars. The artists would blow the glass into vases and then use a glaze to give the glass its â€Å"hardness, brilliance, and colorfulness, which approximate the magical attributes of precious and semiprecious stones.† All of these forms of art were incredibly time consuming, but the finished products were always intricate and beautiful. In China, the Ming and Qing Dynasties remain as two of the most important dynasties in Chinese cultural history. From its humble beginnings in 1368, the Ming Dynasty helped to shape Chinese history forever with the help of its third emperor, the Emperor YongLe. Over a thousand great buildings were created to fulfill Emperor YongLes great vision of a home for the gods on Earth, a Forbidden City that appeared to one of YongLes tutors in an extraordinary vision. This beautiful city that grew in the new capital of Beijing became the center for all activity in China. The most important part of this Imperial City lay in its careful planning and architectural execution. The ideas of symmetry, religion, and symbolism all played a large role in China and all of these ideas were applied to the layout of the city. The premises upon which the city was built remain as some of Chinas most important. Following the demise of the Ming Dynasty, many others followed, but none as important to the Ming Dynasty as the Qing Dynasty, because with the Qing Dynasty came a flourishing art workshop that provided the Palace with an assortment of beautiful art collections. Ceramics, paintings and calligraphy, bronze ware, jade, and other minor arts, were diligently created and enmeshed in the art that was the architecture of the Forbidden City. Emperor YongLes carefully created architectural decisions, paired with Emperor Qianlongs exquisite art collections, were important in reflecting the incorporation of religion, symbolism, and art, in Chinese culture in prior times, and remain as important aspects of China in the present.

John Q. Adams :: essays research papers

John Quinsy Adams was born in Braintree Massachusetts. His other, Abigail Smith Adams and his father, John Adams (2nd president of the United States of America) trained John Quinsy very well. At ten years old John Q. traveled with his father on diplomat missions to Europe. He learned French fluently there in a private school at Paris. After Studying French in Paris Adams studied at the University of Leiden. In 1782 through 1783 he was a secretary and interpreter of the French in Germany. After being a secretary and interpreter in Germany, He traveled to Holland   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  John Q. Adams was very good and smart at languages, history and mathematics. By the end of his school he was a very good and trust worthy lawyer. Adams came particularly to George Washington’s attention because of the articles he published in the newspaper about defending the president’s policies. As a result of this â€Å"† defending for rights† Washington put Adams in the place for a Dutch ministering the Netherlands. After all this, President James Monroe called Adams to become Secretary of State in 1817.As secretary John Q. Adams was pleased with the schools he participated in, in the past years because they paid off.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Adams greatest achievements Secretary of State were the Transcontinental Treaty with Spain. Which was signed on February 22. By this treaty Spain acknowledged east Florida and west Florida to become part of the United States of America.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  John Quinsy Adams may have been the greatest United States Secretary of State. He was not one of the greatest presidents He was really a minority president chosen by the House of Representatives they get the most. Jackson had received the most of the popular votes both at poles and in the state but he lacked a constitutional majority, (which is a major in college) Clay one of the four can dates through all his support in 1824 to Adams in the house in February 1825.After secret conferences between the two electing Adams in the first ballot. Clay had put Adams into the White House in order to become his Secretary of State and successor.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  President Adams believed that the American Revelation had already won liberty, at least for White House people, and that this liberty was guaranteed the constitution of the United Sates of America. His policy was to let there be more national power and to make freedom better for the people.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On

Network Case Study Essay

1. Which of the following is true about a TCP/IP network? A) The network uses only standards defined in TCP/IP RFCs. 2. Which of the following terms is not a common synonym for TCP/IP model? (Choose two answers.) D) TCP/IP mapping and C) Ethernet 3. Think generically about the idea of a networking standard, ignoring any particular standard or standards group. Which of the following is typically true of a standard? (Choose two answers.) B) It exists as a deployed network device, which people can visit on the Internet. C) It has been passed through some form of review and approval or certification process. 4. Contrast an international standard as compared to a de facto standard. (Choose two answers.) B) International standard documents have been reviewed more thoroughly. D) International standards typically mean that the standards group has been authorized by many countries to create standards that apply to multiple countries. 5. Which of the following are true about the commonly used version of the TCP/IP model as shown in this chapter? (Choose two answers.) C) The physical layer sits just below the data link layer. D). The network layer sits in the middle of the five layers. 6. The TCP/IP model refers to standards other than those the IETF defines in RFCs. Which of these standards groups is typically the source of external LAN standards? (Choose two answers.) A) ITU B) IEEE 7. Which of the following is not a typical reason for a group of ten companies to start a vendor group, for the purpose of pushing a new networking technology? C) To improve the chances that the technology will be standardized 8. The TCP/IP and OSI models have some obvious differences, like the number of layers. Think about the more commonly used version of the TCP/IP model discussed in this chapter, and then think about how to talk about TCP/IP using OSI terms. Which of the following is a correctly phrased statement for how to use OSI terminology? B) IP is a network layer protocol. 9. Historically, which of the following models were the earliest models used in corporate networks? A) Vendor models 10. Which of the following statements is true when comparing the OSI and the TCP/IP mode l as defined in RFC 1122? B) The lower four layers of TCP/IP define the same kinds of functions as the matching layer numbers from OSI. 11. A network engineer connects two PCs (PC1 and PC2) using Ethernet NICs and an Ethernet cable that has copper wires inside. The two PCs communicate successfully. Which of  the following happens when PC1 sends bits to PC2? D)PC1 converts the bits to sound waves, and the NIC uses an A/D converter to send the data over the cable. 12. A TCP/IP network includes an Ethernet LAN with 10 PCs uses a LAN switch. PC1 sends data intended for an app running on PC2. Which of the following mechanisms does Ethernet define so that PC2 receives and processes the data? A)The Ethernet header lists PC2’s MAC address so that PC2 will realize that the data is meant for PC2. 13. Two network pros are having a conversation about some issues in a network. They discuss some issues related to how PPP forwards data, so they happen to be discussing the data structure that includes the PPP header and trailer. Which of the following terms do they use? B) Packet 14. Which of the following are true facts about IP addresses? (Choose two answers.) C) Are listed in the data-link trailer D) Used by routers to make a forwarding decision 15. Which of the following answers is true about Ethernet MAC addresses? A) 48 bits in length C) Are listed in the data-link trailer 16. Which of the following statements is true comparing LANs and WANs? (Choose two answers.) A) LANs generally connect devices that are nearer to each other, compared to WANs. D) LANs are purchased, and WANs are leased. 17. Which of the following answers list true facts about the data link layer of TCP/IP? (Choose two answers.) B) Two TCP/IP data-link protocols are Ethernet and PPP. C) Data-link protocols define addresses that identify devices connected to the underlying physical link. 18. Which of the following answers list true facts about the network layer of TCP/IP? (Choose two answers.) B) The two primary protocols are TCP and IP. C) IP provides logical addressing and routing ser vices 19. Which of the following answers lists true facts about the transport layer of TCP/IP? B) The two primary protocol options are TCP and IP. C) TCP provides error recovery services to application layer protocols that use TCP. 20. A PC user opens a web browser and sends a request to a web server to load a new web page. Three routers forward the data as it passes from client to server. Consider the data plus all headers and trailers that go from the web client to the web server. Which of the following headers go all the way from the web client to the web server? (Choose three answers.) A)Data-link header B) Network layer header C) Transport layer header

Free-Speech on College Campuses Essay

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thesis Statement:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     The prohibition of hate-speech or any speech which constitutes a â€Å"clear and present danger† to students on college campuses is a good and necessary policy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Summary of Opinions:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The issue of free-speech on college campuses poses a complex debate. Key factors of the controversy include: the rights to personal safety and free expression, as well as factors of racial and gender tolerance. The volatile nature of the issue ensures adjudication at the highest levels and also a far-reaching historical set of precedents, none of which has successfully â€Å"answered† the issues of free-speech and civic welfare. It seems prudent that the US Constitution should provide the framework by which all policies of free-speech are reckoned. â€Å"The First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution states, in part, that â€Å"Congress shall make no law . . . abridging the freedom of speech.† This freedom is deemed a fundamental right, because it assures individual self-fulfillment or autonomy,† (Zingo 17) .   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Zingo discusses how the 1st amendment serves many interests: â€Å"it is a means of advancing knowledge and searching for truth;   it gives all members of society an opportunity to participate in the political process of self-governance;   and it provides a safety valve for society[†¦] because suppression of discussion is injurious to society.† (Zingo) With that in mind, it is also useful to peruse counter-arguments which posit a more modernist interpretation of the First Amendment. â€Å"Media-law experts attempt to impose the eighteenth-century ideals of freedom of speech and press on the modern world as if no changes have taken place. Today, First Amendment doctrine assumes that governmental censorship still poses a greater and more real threat to our rational self-governing ideal than self-gratification,† (Collins, and Skover 25).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     However, the Constitutional and judicial basis for restrictions on free speech stands far aside from this contention: â€Å"the Supreme Court ruled on a case challenging speech regulation[†¦] question in every case is whether the words used are used in such circumstances and are of such a nature as to create a clear and present danger that they will bring about the substantive evils that Congress has a right to prevent. It is a question of proximity and degree,† (Zingo 18). Questions and Rhetorical Strategies Key questions: 1) What constitutes â€Å"clear and present danger?† 2) What are methods for enforcing legislation. 3) How have prior Supreme Court first amendment cases been decided? 4) How to define a hate-crime. Rhetorical strategies:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To convince that racism, sexism, and hate-crimes constitute a â€Å"clear and present danger† to students on college campuses will require evidence and citation from legal opinions and legal precedent. The â€Å"hate-crime† according to preliminary research seems to be a well-established fact, backed by substantive evidence and scientific study. â€Å"Despite the tremendous strides resulting from civil rights legislation, racism remains one of the most pressing social problems in the US[†¦] Hate crimes have been prominent on university campuses for the last two decades but vary widely in their targets and severity.† (Marcus et al.) Whether or not a college chooses to restrict the freedom of speech based on the Constitutional premise of â€Å"clear and present danger† there is a question as to whether or not prohibition of   discriminatory speech, alone, will curtail racist and discriminatory practices. â€Å"In recent years, attempts to curtail racially discriminatory activities have focused largely on speech codes to limit inflammatory presentations (Altman, 1993) but these attempts have not been well received.† (Marcus et al.)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Audience   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I believe that prohibition of hate-speech or any speech which constitutes a â€Å"clear and present danger† to students is an important issue for all citizens, but especially to those who may be impacted directly by hate-crimes. Most minority students wqill probably be sympathetic to my thesis while â€Å"conservatives† will see it as an infringement of civil rights. Ironically, liberals may also view it this way, or even more ironically they may not view it this way and in so doing, they will have become sympathetic to a restraining of free-speech.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bibliography Collins, Ronald K. L., and David M. Skover. The Death of Discourse. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1996. Marcus, Ann, et al. â€Å"Perceptions of Racism on Campus.† College Student Journal 37.4 (2003): 611+. Zingo, Martha T. Sex/Gender Outsiders, Hate Speech, and Freedom of Expression: Can They   Ã‚   Say That about Me?. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 1998. Jacobs, James B., and Kimberly Potter. Hate Crimes Criminal Law & Identity Politics. Oxford:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Oxford University Press, 2001.

Management in Coca Cola Company

Management in Coca Cola Company Introduction Technology has turned the world into a global village. The world has been turned into a single large market that offers limitless opportunities to various multi-nationals. This limitless opportunity comes with limitless uncertainties in equal measure.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Management in Coca Cola Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The global market, large as it is, is as varied as its size. A customer in location A may require a product that is exactly opposite to the requirements of customer at location B. If this particular company operates in both locations, then it must respond to the varying needs in a manner that would leave both the customers satisfied. The current world market has customers who are well informed. They know exactly what to expect from the products they purchase. This has seen many firms give quality a priority. Firms are assuming market orientation to thei r production. The customers’ needs determine what the firm produces and how it produces it. This brings to focus, the issue of Total Quality Management. Kitazawa and Sarkis (2000) define Total Quality Management as an integrated organizational effort designed to improve quality at every level. This means that quality is not a preserve of any department, but a duty of all the departments in any organization. Coca Cola Company manufactures soft drinks that have many close substitutes in the market. The level of competition in this industry is so stiff that any slight customer dissatisfaction can have devastating effects to the company. This company experienced technological mismatch in its top management operating overseas. The company for a long time preferred to maintain the employees at the top brass. This has seen the company limited to individuals who are less technologically advanced. With the changes brought about by technology, this company had to restructure its manage ment to reflect on these changes. It is in so doing that it could successfully achieve the specifications of Total Quality Management. Analysis of the Organization’s Concern and its Response Coca Cola Company was concerned with their declining sales volume in some of its overseas markets. Research revealed that the root cause of this was the failure of the management to integrate technology into their system.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The research further reported that the reason for this slow response to technology was caused by the fact that those who were to effect the technological changes had limited knowledge about the same. These individual could not withstand the pressures that was being exerted by these changes and therefore preferred to stick to the old ways of doing things. A case in point was that the aging staffs were not able to appreciate the potentials of the social media. They regarded it as a forum where ‘lazy’ youths would go to burn their time as they discuss matters irrelevant to development. This view was highly misplaced. The highest percentage of consumers of this brand’s product is the youth. When on the playing ground, at school, at home or even on tour with friends, this group will always require a drink to ‘keep them away from thirst’. With emergence of social networks like Tweeter, Facebook, Flirk, You Tube and others, this attractive segment can easily be accessed online. Facebook has a staggering 500 million users across the world. You Tube has 400 million users. Tweeter and others make up to another 500 million users (Treadaway, 2010). It therefore becomes very disturbing if a management can fail to realize the potential that such networks offer. With the fact that other competitors like Pepsi are actively using this media, the management had all the reason s to worry. Tom Peters in his Chaos theory argues that global events are chaotic and random and this is directly reflected in the organization systems. This theory suggests that the world is so full of paradox and some unpredictable changes that management must always be prepared to deal with them in a manner that the effect will be positive to the firm. Technology has brought with it many of such changes that management must restructure its systems to match the changes. Social media is one such change. Failure to act to its presence would translate to the loss of the opportunities that comes with it (Treadaway, 2010). The consequence that this failure to act may bring is so great that a company like Coca Cola may not afford. According to this theory, if such a situation is not arrested in time, it will lead to a complete breakdown of the system and that may be the end of that particular firm.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Management in Coca Cola Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is upon this backdrop that Coca Cola was forced to act on its management for it was clear that it was unable to arrest the situation and save the company from the looming danger. The company therefore had to restructure this staff. It recalled some staff members back to its headquarters in Midtown Atlanta, Georgia. In their places, young, innovative and creative individuals who were techno-servy took their places. In other regions, the young individuals were incorporated into the management systems alongside the older generation. The aim was very clear; change the perspective with which the company viewed technology. They had to restructure the company to reflect the new demands of the social media. They did this in line with Henri Fayol’s administrative theory. This theory put focus squarely on the management. He argued that management’s role revolved around planning, coordinating, controlling, commanding and organizing. According to Fayol, organizations must follow the five principles in the normal running of it activities. For this reason therefore, the management must be in a position to forecast in order to plan for what is to be done. The planning stage is the most important of all the stages. The other stages will only be successful if the management was able to focus and come up with appropriate plan to counter some of the changes that come in the external environment. The older generation failed to forecast the potential of the social media and for this reason, failed to plan for it. The top management therefore brought in young individuals who were able to understand the social media as they were part of it. This lot was able to successfully understand the social media and planning was therefore much easier. With proper planning, implementing other aspects of management becomes much easier. This group has done a wonderful job on this front. The compan y entered Facebook in 2008. It created its wall and invited as many friends as possible. From this wall, the company can share with their customers information that is relevant to its operation. Customers are able to comment directly to the firm on their feeling about the brands offering in the market. They are able to inform the management of their expectations, and some of the changes they feel should be done on the products. On the other hand, the company can now reach its clients at a considerably faster rate through Facebook. It can now afford to introduce some of its new products through it and be sure that the message will be received by the target market.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More So interactive is this social media that it allows for a direct communication between the firm and the users. Unlike the mass media, which is a one way fixed mode of message delivering, this media allows the customer to respond to the company’s message, whether to appreciate or to criticize the company’s offering. With this, the company is able to know exactly what a customer in Russian market expects, and how this expectation is different from that of a customer in a sub Saharan market in Africa because the two regions have opposing temperature rates. This has been so successful that the firm was rated the best brand on Facebook, beating other giant brands like Disney. The brand is estimated to reach out to about 30 million customers across the world by using Facebook alone (Treadaway 2010). This network has seen it identify so well with the youth that this group feels part of the brand. The management has successfully introduced itself to this community as a member. With this, its product is seen by this community as their (community’s) product that should be promoted through a continued purchase. This has seen the firm cut on the cost conducting research. The company’s researchers can sit on their computers at company’s headquarters and gather the information they need from the customers on Facebook. They can pose questions to them in structured manner on their Facebook wall. The respondent will post their response on this wall where the researcher can easily access them. This increases the ability of the firm to make a thorough screening of the data and respond to the views posted. In his motion study theory, Gilbreth suggests that a firm is able to increase its efficiency by reducing the rate of motion of its staff. The company applied this theory with the help of Facebook. Its research team did not require moving in the 209 countries across the world where the firm operates. It only needs this staff seated behind a Face book enabled computer to gather and analyze data from various regions in the world. Having experienced success with the Facebook, this group of managers went further to incorporate You Tube into their system. Unlike Facebook, You Tube enabled the firm to use graphics. The company prepared commercials akin to the television commercials and delivered them to customers through You Tube. Its most recent commercial dubbed ‘open happiness’ on You Tube has received a lot of praise from many quarters. The company went a great length to prepare the advert and its features and mode of presentation is a clear indication that the new management clearly understands the requirements of the new social order brought about by changes in technology. The brand has its presence on Tweeter, Flirk and other social Medias. This strategy has seen the firm double its sales. The new management is so sensitive about Total Quality Management that it leaves nothing to chance. They believe in the fa ct that quality starts in the mind. First, the production system must appreciate and maintain quality in all their operations. The final product will automatically bear this and the next move will be to instill this quality in the minds of the consumers (Andrzej, 2007). To achieve TQM in its operations, the firm’s management has realized that every department in the company counts. All the department are related in a way that the firm is turned into a system with a number of co-related wheels. The new management has given a new face to the way the firm view the social media. It is no longer stereotyped as before. The management sees it as an opportunity to expand its borders and reach out to those markets it had not. The system approach theory postulates that a system is a collection of parts unified to accomplish an overall goal. The theory goes ahead to state that if one part of the system is removed, the nature of the system is changed as well. This is the case in Coca Col a. When it restructured its management and incorporated a group of young individuals who were flexible to the changes brought about by technology, it gave a redefinition to the company’s overall method of operation. The brand Coca Cola was recently ranked one of the best brands, valued at 68.3 billion U.S. dollars. Its closest competitor, Pepsi Cola is no longer as serious a threat as it was in early nineties. Literature Review A number of scholars have done research and reported the increasing inability of some companies to adapt to the changes brought about by the dynamics in technology. Garvin (1988) argued that quality should be given an outward in approach. When implementing environmental changes, a firm should first determine the requirements of the environment before it considers making outputs. He says that market is always characterized by unpredictability. The suddenness with which these changes come, calls for the management to be very flexible. If this flexibility lacks in the management, then the firm can easily be edged out of the market. Such was the challenge Coca Cola Company faced. It had to navigate through the new and very sensitive ‘waters’ brought by technology. The world was turned into a single market place. This market is so small that a shopper can easily access it from the comfort of his house. The social media is a change that must be managed if a firm is to realize the benefits that come with it. Zimmerman and Schueler (1996) suggest that customers always rate their levels of satisfaction. When his or her expectations are met and exceeded, such a customer will be thrilled. They will be good ambassadors to the firm. However, for this to be possible, the firm must understand the changes that the market experiences. They propose that customer survey should be conducted among customers in order to know what such customers value. It is only through this that a firm may proclaim to be implementing Total Quality Manage ment standards in its operations (Del et al., 2005) The older generation at Coca Cola failed to understand that the most important market segment had moved to the social media and that they valued this form of communication. Looking down upon the social media would be like failing to realize what they valued. This limits the ability of the firm to succeed in the market. Wayne and Hoyer (2008) appreciate the benefits that the social media has brought to the contemporary world of business. They say that since its inception on fourth of February 2004, Facebook has completely changed the communication sector. With cell phones becoming a necessity among individuals, business units keen on reaching the market cannot neglect this form of communication. The two says that many organizations at first did not think that such social networks had potential to redefine communication in a completely new form. For this reason, they did not incorporate it into their strategic plans. However, such fi rms soon realized that this form of communication brought with it limitless opportunities that could not be ignored. Coca Cola realized this and had to take appropriate and timely actions that could see it tap from this new technology. Kimmel (2007) asserts that fashion changes at an unpredictable rates. According to him, management in any field that is related to fashions and lifestyle must always be ready to manage such changes. It should be on high alert to detect any slight change in the market. This may require it to have in place; structures that will enable it detect such changes so that its actions will be timely. He supports Wayne and Hoyer on the fact that social media has brought with it opportunities that firms should consider tapping from. He articulates that social media is at the heart of lifestyle. With inception of such social networks like You Tube, marketing must be restructured in a way that it responds to this technology. This company realized this and acted app ropriately and this has enabled it remain relevant in the market. Considerations Coca Cola Company considered a number of facts before deciding on how to restructure its operations. The main issue was that the then management could not implement technological demands at the rate that was desirable. The top management was specifically worried of the fact that this group of managers had failed to tap from the opportunity that Facebook and other similar social networks brought with it. This was making this opportunity turn into a threat as other competitors were readjusting their marketing systems to reflect on this. It therefore considered replacing most of its top managements with individuals who were able to act appropriately to the demands of technology. The firm appreciated the importance of experience. Because of this, it retained some top management officials abroad. This was done to ensure that the transition was implemented in a smooth manner, taking into account some of the d esirable traditions of the company. The actions of the company were timely and the result was good. However, the company should have taken into consideration the fact that their brand is consumed across the ages. Most of the commercial that this firm currently produces are directed to the youth. Inasmuch as they are wonderfully put, with captions that would attract everyone’s attention, they are not all inclusive. The aging group cannot identify with these commercials. This market segment makes a substantial percentage of the brand’s total sales. Moreover, this is the segment with money, and therefore are the decision makers on what to purchase. Giving them a blackout in the commercials could have negative impacts to the firm’s total sales. Another segment of the market left out by most of these commercial are the minors. They may not be able to identify with most of the commercials. For instance, the wonderfully structured commercial dubbed ‘open happines s’ pays no attention to the fact that a child may also need to be happy. Carson (2008) says that children below the age of 14 are the major initiators of a family’s purchase. For this reason, these commercials should be designed to capture their attention as well. Conclusion Management has experienced structural changes over the years, from a time when it was viewed as a simple role of directing other factors of production, to the current view of managing systems. These systems are both internally based within the firm, or are found in the external environment. Ability to manage the internal factors is currently not enough for a firm to succeed in the market. Consumers are getting increasingly knowledgeable, and with this knowledge come increased demands. This has seen many management units apply Total Quality Management as a way through which it can manage customers’ demands. There has been an increasing need for this management to incorporate the changes that come with technology. This has seen Coca Cola Company restructure its management in line with the technological demands. This company has successfully entered the social media with the help of its new management unit. Currently, it is ranked one of the highest users of it. The result of this entry is positive. The company can now reach the targeted population much easily. The management is very flexible to technological changes and this has seen it maintain its market lead over competitors like Pepsi Cola. Recommendations Coca Cola Company was able to navigate through the turbulent waters that were brought about by technological changes. Faced with a similar situation, the firm should consider the following options. A firm should always consider having a staff that is well blended in aspects such as age, experience, knowledge and even culture. Despite the importance of experience, management should not sacrifice the other factors in its favor. With the current changes in technology, it is advisable that firms maintain a management staff that is able to respond it (technology). In so doing, it will be in a position to act on the market demands that keep changing. A firm should avoid assumption of new inventions, however weird they may seem to be. The management should have a unit to keenly monitor such technological changes and advice the top management as appropriately as possible. If it is worth involvement, this unit should be in a position to advice the management on how best it should approach it. The action that Coca Cola took was good enough and the researcher would recommend most of it if a firm were faced with a similar situation. Their beautiful summer commercials on You Tube, the conspicuous presence on Facebook and Tweeter are all wonderful. However, one aspect that the researcher feels should be changed is the overemphasis on youths. Inasmuch as they form the most attractive market segment, other segments should not be disregarded. They should ther efore consider producing television commercials, which are all inclusive. References Andrzej, A Buchaman, A. (2007). Organizational behavior. London: Prentice Hall International. Carson, A. (2008). Organizational theory: A libertarian perspective. Washington, DC: BookSurge. Del, I., Best, J. Coney, K. (2005). Consumer behavior. New York, NY: Tata McGraw Hill. Garvin, D. (1988). Managing quality. New York, NY: Free Press. Kimmel, R. (2007). Evians caswell brand week: Fill with care promotes lifestyle. Well Being, 48(30), 48. Treadaway, C. (2010). Facebook marketing: An hour a day. Indianapolis, Indiana: Wiley Publishers Inc. Wayne, D. Hoyer, M. (2008). Consumer behavior. South Western: Cangage Learning. Zimmerman, R. Schueler. (1996). Designing customer surveys that work. Retrieved from https://www.qualitydigest.com/oct96/surveys.html

Smoking pathophysiological effects

Smoking pathophysiological effects Pathophysiological Effects There are several pathophysiological effects that are associated with smoking and a majority of smokers are at risk of suffering from one of these effects or the other. Mobascher and Wintere (2008) point out that the pathophysiological effects of smoking are usually brought about by the many harmful chemicals that are contained in tobacco.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Smoking: pathophysiological effects specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Mobascher and Wintere (2008) these chemicals have been shown to have adverse effects in the smoker’s body and even those people who are exposed to second hand smoke. The chemicals normally adversely affect most of the body’s principal organs including the heart, lungs, kidneys and brain. Starting with the heart, smoking has been shown to result to damage of the arterial walls. This consequently compromises the arteries c apacity to transfer blood to the heart effectively. This implies that the arteries capacity to supply oxygen to the heart might be compromised with resulting to heart related medical complications such as heart attacks or strokes. In addition to the heart, smoking also might result to adverse effects on the lungs and indeed the entire respiratory system. Mobascher and Wintere (2008) assert that smoking can result in reduction of the lung capacity consequently leading to breathing difficulties. Some of the specific ways through which smoking can result in reduced lung capacity include; reducing the size of airways and increasing the rate of accumulation of mucus material in the lungs. These effects have the impact of increasing the lungs vulnerability to infectious diseases including lung cancer (Mobascher Wintere, 2008). Dependence on Nicotine In addition to the effects of smoking on the various body organs including the heart and lungs, smoking has also been shown to have adverse effects on the brain resulting to a compromise of the entire nervous system. According to Porth (2010), nicotine, one of the chemicals contained in tobacco, is responsible for the brief â€Å"feel good† feeling that is usually brought about by smoking. This feeling, as pointed out by Porth (2010), is usually directly as a result of stimulation of a specific part of the brain known as the mesolimbic system. It is this stimulation that results to the fell- good effect of nicotine.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, Porth (2010) notes that the stimulation and the resultant effect brought about by nicotine is short lived, and this aspect is what is behind the addictive effects of tobacco. This is because, in order to experience this effect the smoker needs to ‘light up’ many times. In doing so, their chances of suffering from one or more of the aforementioned health effects of smoking, is increased. Moreover, Porth (2010) asserts that as one continues to engage in smoking, their tolerance levels to nicotine and other chemicals contained in tobacco keeps on increasing. Overtime, a person who used to smoke two cigarettes to experience the stimulating effects of nicotine might be required to smoke about five cigarettes, for the same dose of stimulation. Despite the obvious health risks associated with smoking, there are proponents of this risky habit and this group of people has advanced various reasons for their stand. Porth (2010) points out that one of the arguments that is being touted as a benefit of smoking by the proponents of this risky habit touches on the suppressing effects of cigarettes. According to Porth (2010), smoking has been shown to be effective in suppressing the effects of various mental disorders. Thus, many people argue that it can be effective in treating mental illnesses. In addition to that, the suppression effects of smoking has also been applied in the treatment of various addictions such as alcohol and cocaine addictions whereby the addicts are allowed to use cigarettes to suppress some of the ‘cravings’ that they might have during the rehabilitation exercise. However, this suppression effect, just like any other smoking effect, is temporary. Consequently, many addicts who depend on smoking to help them fight their addictions usually end up relapsing. References Mobascher, A. A., Winterer, G. G. (2008). The molecular and cellular neurobiology of nicotine abuse in schizophrenia. Pharmacopsychiatry, 41(1), 1325-1330.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Smoking: pathophysiological effects specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Porth, C.M. (2010). Essentials of Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered Health States. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams Wilkins.

Most Important Quotes From The Crucible, Analyzed

Most Important Quotes From The Crucible, Analyzed SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The Crucible is four acts and 134 pages of tight dialogue and economical action. It can be hard to pick out particular moments or quotes as being key since everything moves along so quickly. Never fear! I haveyour back with this complete guide toThe Crucible quotes. I’ll go over the most important quotes from The Crucible, explainingboth their literal meaning and why they’re important. For clarity, the quotes are grouped into four themes: irony, fear and hysteria, pride and reputation, and power and authority. Each section also includes additional quotes that fall under the same general theme for you to practiceanalyzing on your own. Irony Quotes Many of the Crucible quotes fall into the category of â€Å"dramatic irony†, which is the irony that’s created when there’s a mismatch between what a character thinks or says and what the audience knows to be true. It’s hardly surprising there is so much irony in The Crucible – after all, one of the central causes of conflict in the play is hypocrisy. With that in mind, here are some key quotes from The Crucible that demonstrate irony of some kind. â€Å"We cannot look to superstition in this. The Devil is precise; the marks of his presence are definite as stone, and I must tell you all that I shall not proceed unless you are prepared to believe me if I should find no bruise of Hell upon her.† (Hale, Act 1, p. 35) The irony, of course, is that the â€Å"marks† of the Devil are nowhere near â€Å"definite as stone† – the only evidence to support accusations of witchcraft are the subjective experiences of the "afflicted." Even in cases when the girls display symptoms (going cold and clammy or having needles stuck in them), there’s never any physical evidence directly linking the accused witches to their supposed crimes. â€Å"ABIGAIL: Don’t lie! To Hale: She comes to me while I sleep; she’s always making me dream corruptions!† (Act 1, p. 41) Abigail yelling â€Å"don’t lie† at another person is highly ironic, not only because Miller introduced her as a liar (she has â€Å"an endless capacity for dissembling†), but because Abigail had just told Proctor Betty’s illness was nothing to do with witchcraft not 20 page previously. "I cannot speak but I am doubted, every moment judged for lies, as though I come into a court when I come into this house!" (Proctor, Act 2 p. 52) "PROCTOR: Because it speaks deceit, and I am honest! But I’ll plead no more! I see now your spirit twists around the single error of my life, and I will never tear it free!" (Act 2, p. 59) This pair of quotes both demonstrate the ironic concept: as far as the audience understands it, the only person who seems to be judging Proctor is not Elizabeth, but Proctor himself. There's also a bit of foreshadowing with â€Å"as though I come into a court†, since in Act 3 Proctor will do that very thing. "No man may longer doubt the powers of the dark are gathered in monstrous attack up on this village. There is too much evidence now to deny it† (Hale, Act 2, p. 61). The village is certainly under attack, but not necessarily in the way Hale thinks it is. The real â€Å"powers of dark† affecting Salem are suspicion and fear, not anything demonic. â€Å"I am a minister of the Lord, and I dare not take a life without there be a proof so immaculate no slightest qualm of conscience may doubt it† (Hale, Act 3, p. 92). Again, the â€Å"proof so immaculate† that Hale speaks of is the word of one person against the word of another. As we’ll see in a quote by Danforth later on in this article, the proof only remains beyond reproach if you believe in witchcraft more than you believe that people are fallible. There's also foreshadowing in this quote because by the end of this act, Hale is full of qualms, and by the end of the play, Hale feels he has â€Å"blood on [his] head† (p. 121). â€Å"But God made my face; you cannot want to tear my face. Envy is a deadly sin, Mary† (Abigail, Act 3, p. 106) Abigail's words here are ironic because in The Crucible, it is Abigail who is envious of the position Elizabeth Proctor has as John Proctor’s wife. â€Å"DANFORTH, conciliatory: You misunderstand, sir; I cannot pardon these when twelve are already hanged for the same crime. It is not just.† (Act 4, p. 119). The irony in Danforth's statement is that it wasn’t "just" to hang any of the accused witches in the first place, and so continuing to hang people just because it's already been done before is a terrible idea. Salem Massachusetts - Burying Point Cemetery/Used under CC BY 2.0/Resized from original. Now that you’ve seen a few ironic quotes analyzed and explained, it’s your turn! Below you'll find several quotes that demonstrate irony (dramatic or otherwise). Try your hand at explaining why each one is ironic and analyzing the difference between what the character mean when she said the quote and the hidden meaning. "ABIGAIL: I never sold myself! I’m a good girl! I’m a proper girl!" (Act 1, p. 40) "MARY WARREN, with greater impatience with him: I told you the proof. It’s hard proof, hard as rock, the judges said." (Act 2, p. 54) â€Å"Proctor, I cannot think God be provoked so grandly by such a petty cause†¦think on your village and what may have drawn from heaven such thundering wrath upon you all † (Hale, Act 2, p. 75) "PROCTOR: 'Do that which is good, and no harm shall come to you.'" (Act 3, p. 88) â€Å"Oh, Mary, this is a black art to change your shape. No, I cannot, I cannot stop my mouth; it’s God’s work I do.† (Abigail, Act 3, p.107) Want to get better grades and test scores? We can help. PrepScholar Tutors is the world's best tutoring service. We combine world-class expert tutors with our proprietary teaching techniques. Our students have gotten A's on thousands of classes, perfect 5's on AP tests, and ludicrously high SAT Subject Test scores. Whether you need help with science, math, English, social science, or more, we've got you covered. Get better grades today with PrepScholar Tutors. Fear and Hysteria Quotes The second major theme in The Crucible (and one that teachers often ask about) is fear and hysteria. The fear caused by the thought of supernatural evil in Salem causes the characters in the play to turn a blind eye to logic and instead believe in claims not backed by actual â€Å"hard as rock† proof. Below are some of theCruciblequotes that relate to this theme. â€Å"There is a misty plot afoot so subtle we should be criminal to cling to old respects and ancient friendships. I have seen too many frightful proofs in court - the Devil is alive in Salem, and we dare not quail to follow wherever the accusing finger points!† (Hale, Act 2, p. 68) Hale demonstrates perfectly the mindset of the characters affected by the hysteria and fear. In his case, it’s more hysteria than fear – he doesn’t particularly fear that he may be accused as a witch, but he has been persuaded by the â€Å"frightful proofs† he’s seen and this has blinded him to any other possible reasons that the witchcraft accusations might be being made. â€Å"Why do you never wonder if Parris be innocent, or Abigail? Is the accuser always holy now? Were they born this morning as clean as God’s fingers? I’ll tell you what’s walking Salem - vengeance is walking Salem. We are what we always were in Salem, but now the little crazy children are jangling the keys of the kingdom, and common vengeance writes the law!† (Proctor, Act 2, p. 73) Proctor is the voice of common sense here, as a counterpoint to Hale’s â€Å"don’t question the process† stance. Unlike Hale, Proctor realizes that you can only trust in accusations as much as you can trust the accuser, and Proctor has cause to suspect that at least one of the accusations is being driven by a thirst for vengeance. This quote also fits a little bit under the â€Å"Power/Authority† theme – the witchcraft trials have turned the world upside down, so that those who used to be powerless (â€Å"the little crazy children†) are the ones in power (â€Å"are jangling the keys of the kingdom†). "I never had no wife that be so taken with books, and I thought to find the cause of it, d’y’see, but it were no witch I blamed her for. He is openly weeping. I have broke charity with the woman, I have broke charity with her. He covers his face, ashamed. (Giles, Act 3, p. 79) This quote shows how even Giles Corey, one of the more level-headed characters in The Crucible, got caught up in the hysteria of the witch trials and got his wife accused of being a witch. One could make the argument that Giles didn’t intentionally accuse his wife of witchcraft and that he just wanted to ask the witchcraft expert about his wife’s strange behavior, that’s all. If that was the case, though, this quote shows how even those not taken in by the hysterical claims or fear can still be affected by it. "In an ordinary crime, how does one defend the accused? One calls up witnesses to prove his innocence. But witchcraft is ipso facto, on its face and by its nature, an invisible crime, is it not? Therefore, who may possibly be witness to it? The witch and the victim. None other. Now we cannot hope the witch will accuse herself; granted? Therefore, we must rely upon her victims- and they do testify, the children certainly do testify. As for the witches, none will deny that we are most eager for all their confessions. Therefore, what is left for a lawyer to bring out? I think I have made my point. Have I not?" (Danforth, Act 3, p. 93) In this quote, Danforth shows the terrible effect of the logical extension of belief in witchcraft. Of course, the part he leaves out in his discussion is whether or not the victims are trustworthy – just because â€Å"they do testify† doesn’t mean that they’re testifying truthfully – but this is a blind spot for Danforth. It's possible that Danforth cannot fathom that women or children would lie to him (a judge!) because of societal preconceptions; but his stance is also influenced, at least to some extent, by the fear of witchcraft that pervades Puritan society. 217013/Used under CC BY 2.0/Cropped from original I think I have made my point. Have I not? Here are a couple of other quotes that demonstrate fear/hysteria. Try your hand at explaining how each of them does so. "PROCTOR: I falter nothing, but I may wonder if my story will be credited in such a court. I do wonder on it, when such a steady-minded minister as you will suspicion such a woman that never lied, and cannot, and the world knows she cannot! I may falter somewhat, Mister; I am no fool." (Act 2, p. 65) â€Å"It were only sport in the beginning, sir, but then the whole world cried spirits, spirits† (Mary Warren, Act 3, p. 100) Reputation and Pride Quotes Concern for reputation and pride is a thread that is woven throughout The Crucible, driving the action and motivations of various characters as well as the central conflict surrounding John Proctor (will he confess to adultery to save his wife? Will he confess to witchcraft to save his life?). â€Å"ABIGAIL, in a temper: My name is good in the village! I will not have it said my name is soiled! Goody Proctor is a gossiping liar!† (Act 1, p. 12) Abigail is concerned about her reputation and her â€Å"name;† this is no doubt what motivates her, at least initially, to put the blame for the dancing in the woods on Tituba. If her name is â€Å"soiled,† Abigail could face harsh consequences in the Salem theocracy where women are already low on the totem pole – if it’s discovered that she, an unmarried orphan woman, slept with a married man, she would face huge consequences (although what these consequences would be aren’t specified in the play). "Now Hell and Heaven grapple on our backs, and all our old pretense is ripped away- make your peace!†¦Peace. It is a providence, and no great change; we are only what we always were, but naked now. He walks as though toward a great horror, facing the open sky. Aye, naked! And the wind, God’s icy wind, will blow!" (Proctor, Act 2, p. 76). Here, Proctor is anticipating the loss of his reputation once it comes to light that he has had an affair with Abigail. It’ll mean the loss of his good name, but on the other hand, it’ll be a way for him to atone for his sins – maybe he’ll at last feel â€Å"God’s icy wind† and be able to put this behind him. "I came into this village like a bridegroom to his beloved, bearing gifts of high religion; the very crowns of holy law I brought, and what I touched with my bright confidence, it died; and where I turned the eye of my great faith, blood flowed up. Beware, Goody Proctor- cleave to no faith when faith brings blood. It is mistaken law that leads you to sacrifice. Life, woman, life is God’s most precious gift; no principle, however glorious, may justify the taking of it. I beg you, woman, prevail upon your husband to confess. Let him give his lie. Quail not before God’s judgment in this, for it may well be God damns a liar less than he that throws his life away for pride." (Hale, Act 4, p. 122) Hale is describing how he came in full of pride in himself and abilities, only to have that pride result in the deaths of others. He warns Elizabeth that nothing, not even one’s pride or reputation, is worth throwing one’s life away on. "PROCTOR, with a cry of his whole soul: Because it is my name! Because I cannot have another in my life! Because I lie and sign myself to lies! Because I am not worth the dust on the feet of them that hang! How may I live without my name? I have given you my soul; leave me my name!" (Proctor, Act 4, p. 133). Proctor’s self-worth is entirely tied up in â€Å"his name† and how others perceive him. He manages to make himself confess and signs the confession, but when the court officials try to take the confession away to show to the whole town, that is the sticking point. Proctor cannot bear to have his reputation be smeared with this confession of witchcraft, because if his reputation is damaged then he no longer can think well of himself. On Balance/Used under CC BY 2.0/Cropped from original. Here are few more quotes that show the concern of Salem residents with reputation and the pride they have in their names. As an exercise to deepen your understanding of the book, try to explain how each one demonstrates concern about name, reputation, or pride. â€Å"There be no blush about my name.† (Abigail, Act 1 p. 11) â€Å"A man will not cast away his good name. You surely know that† (Proctor, Act 3, p. 102) "Postponement now speaks a floundering on my part; reprieve or pardon must cast doubt upon the guilt of them that died till now. While I speak God’s law, I will not crack its voice with whimpering. If retaliation is your fear, know this- I should hang ten thousand that dared to rise against the law, and an ocean of salt tears could not melt the resolution of the statute." (Danforth, Act 4, p. 119-120) "He have his goodness now. God forbid I take it from him! (Elizabeth, Act 4, p. 134) Power and Authority Quotes The final major theme is that of the power of society and authority in Puritan Salem. Some of the most importantCrucible quotes relate to these ideas. â€Å"And mark this. Let either of you breathe a word, or the edge of a word, about the other things, and I will come to you in the black of some terrible night and I will bring a pointy reckoning that will shudder you. And you know I can do it; I saw Indians smash my dear parents’ heads on the pillow next to mine, and I have seen some reddish work done at night, and I can make you wish you had never seen the sun go down!† (Abigail Williams, Act 1, p. 19) At the beginning of the play, the power that Abigail holds is relatively minimal. She is able to use threats of physical violence to cow other girls into doing her bidding, but that’s about as far as her influence extends. She would never be able to say what she says in this quote to, for instance, her uncle Parris, and get away with it. â€Å"You are God’s instrument put in our hands to discover the Devil’s agents among us. You are selected, Tituba, you are chosen to help us cleanse our village.† (Hale, Act 1, p. 44) Tituba, the lowest of the low (slave and a woman) has her status temporarily elevated because of the witch trials. Normally, she is the one told what to do and told to obey; now, however, she has the power of life and death over others. "I only hope you’ll not be so sarcastical no more. Four judges and the King’s deputy sat to dinner with us but an hour ago. I - I would have you speak civilly to me, from this out." (Mary Warren, Act 2, p. 57) By the second act, the repercussions of the trials are starting to reverberate out of the courtroom. Mary Warren feels entitled to, asks for, and (to some extent) receives respect because she is now in a greater position of power. And Mary is not the only one to benefit from the added respect accorded to the afflicted girls, as the next quote demonstrates. â€Å"ABIGAIL, in an open threat: Let you beware, Mr. Danforth. Think you to be so mighty that the power of Hell may not turn your wits? Beware of it!† (Act 3, p. 100) By this point in the play, Abigail has gotten powerful enough that she can threaten the Deputy Governor of the entire province without negative consequences. Here’s another quote that shows the flip-flop of power and authority that happens during the witch trials: â€Å"ABIGAIL, stepping up to Danforth: What look do you give me? Danforth cannot speak. I’ll not have such looks! She turns and starts for the door.† (Act 3, p. 103) See if you can answer these questions for yourself about this quote: What are the implications of this quote? How has the power dynamic in the town shifted from the beginning of the play to this point? Want to get better grades and test scores? We can help. PrepScholar Tutors is the world's best tutoring service. We combine world-class expert tutors with our proprietary teaching techniques. Our students have gotten A's on thousands of classes, perfect 5's on AP tests, and ludicrously high SAT Subject Test scores. Whether you need help with science, math, English, social science, or more, we've got you covered. Get better grades today with PrepScholar Tutors. Non-Thematic Quotes This final section is devoted to TheCrucible quotes that don't relate to one of the themes listed above, but still mark an important moment in the play. â€Å"There are wheels within wheels in the village, and fires within fires!† (Mrs. Putnam, Act 1, p. 26) Mrs. Putnam intends her exclamation to refer to the fact that there are witchy plots afoot, but it holds true even outside of that context – things are not what they seem in Salem, and there are complex cause-and-effect chains. A good example of just how multi-layered events inThe Crucible are can be found by breaking down why John Proctor is hanged for witchcraft. Proctor slept with Abigail, which led to her being fired by his wife, which led to her accusing his wife of witchcraft, which led to Proctor being accused of witchcraft and ultimately hanged for it. â€Å"We burn a hot fire here; it melts down all concealment.† (Danforth, Act 3, p. 83) This line is a reference to the name of the play, The Crucible. A crucible is used to melt down metals and separate out the base metals - or in the case of those questioned about witchcraft, it separates out lies and hypocrisy. There's more true to this statement than Danforth knows, however; not only do the trials melt down the fronts people have put up, but they also expose people's core selves. One example of this is when Mary Warren accuses John Proctor of being the Devil's man: when push comes to shove, she is not strong enough to tell the truth (Act 3, p. 110). With John Proctor, on the other hand, we find that his true inner self is strong enough stand up for truth. First, his upstanding reputation is melted away (when he confesses to adultery) and Procto is revealed as a hypocrite; at the end ofThe Crucible, though, a second, stronger core is exposed when Proctor chooses to be hanged as a witch rather than falsely (and publicly) confess to witchcraft. "No, old man, you have not hurt these people if they are of good conscience. But you must understand, sir, that a person is either with this court or he must be counted against it, there be no road between. This is a sharp time, now, a precise time- we live no longer in the dusky afternoon when evil mixed itself with good and befuddled the world. Now, by God’s grace, the shining sun is up, and them that fear not light will surely praise it. I hope you will be one of those." (Danforth, Act 3, p. 87) Danforth’s belief in black-and-white morality exacerbates the situation in Salem. After all, if you can’t be proven to NOT be a witch, then the only other option is that you must be one PROCTOR, laughs insanely, then: A fire, a fire is burning! I hear the boot of Lucifer, I see his filthy face! And it is my face, and yours, Danforth! For them that quail to bring men out of ignorance, as I have quailed, and as you quail now when you know in all your black hearts that this be fraud- God damns our kind especially, and we will burn, we will burn together! (Proctor, Act 3, p. 111) Proctor explicitly states the subtext of the play – the real devil ofThe Crucible is not Satan, but instead is people who don’t step up to tell the truth (like Proctor) or who refuse to see the truth (like Danforth). Lie/Used under CC BY 2.0/Cropped from original. What’s Next? Interested in getting even deeper into the themes of The Crucible? Our blog has complete analyses and discussion of all The Crucible themes as well as of McCarthyism in The Crucible . Need some context to make these quotations make sense? Try our summaries of all four acts of The Crucible, as well as our comprehensive plot summary. Want to find out more about the characters who say these things? Read our overview of the characters in The Crucible here. Curious about more recent (20th-century) occult activity in the U.S.? We profile Aleister Crowley and analyze some of his key quotes in this article. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Critiquing Current Accounting Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Critiquing Current Accounting Research - Essay Example This clip brings up one powerful message that research is a very powerful tool that we can use to overcome challenges we face in the course of our lives. Question 2: Can you visualize any relationship or link between the film clip and the field of accounting? If so, can you describe this? If not, can you explain why not? The message in this video directly applies to many other fields including accounting. Accounting, often described as ‘language of business' involves analysis and use of financial information to understand and evaluate the financial position of a given firm or organization. It includes a mess from essential accounting to additional confused administration of accounting reports and salary explanations. An expert bookkeeping capability is not only for individuals who need to be bookkeepers- it will outfit you for an expansive range of auspicious professions in minor and huge business, budgetary administrations, not-for benefit and the legislature segment, all of w hich need a capacity to comprehend and decipher fiscal informative content for utilization in choice making. Bookkeepers can work in any part, from key wanting to hazard examination. Wherever there's a need for somebody with keen bookkeeping information and sharp business abilities, a bookkeeper will be sought after. Hence therefore, accounting is a diverse field which also has its own challenges which hinder its prosperity and so as to beat these challenges, research comes in very handy. Research had led to discoveries of solutions to the most pressing problems affecting the accounting sector. For instance, work has been made easier in the accounting sector by the introduction of computers which are almost adopted in every office and rapidly wiping away the phase where things were done manually. This has increased the speed and the efficiency of carrying out task within a shorter time. The development of computer applications, softwares and programs has aided in working of accounta nts and replaced cumbersome manual methods which were prone to so many errors and mistakes. I believe that research is the perfect tool that is crucial in the development of accounting as a growing field. Try and describe your feelings towards research Research Research is a way of accelerating understanding (Smith et. al., 2002). Research is basically any formal related activity carried out systematically so as to increase knowledge and use this knowledge to devise new applications. There are numerous types of examination: logical, humanities, masterful, budgetary, social, business and expert examination. The major steps in conducting research are: Identification of research problem Literature review Specifying the purpose of research Identify hypothesis and research questions that are specific Collection of data Analysis and interpretation of the data Evaluation and reporting of the research The steps are not generally fixed and are not rigid because the process is ever-changing. Many researchers begin with a general statement of the problem, then purpose for engaging in the study. The literature review is carried out initially to identify gaps in previous research which provide proper justification for the study. The research question may be parallel to the hypothesis. The hypothesis is supposed to be tested through the collection of data. The analyst then examines and deciphers the information utilizing the assortment of statistical systems. Information dissection is

Hospital-acquired conditions (HAC) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Hospital-acquired conditions (HAC) - Assignment Example The discussions will guarantee proper documentation and patient analysis. This may also include dedicating sufficient time to reconciling POA queries and documenting discharge summaries to ensure effective implementation of the rule. I can enhance patient safety through implementation of the rule by facilitating teamwork between different hospital departments, adhering to evidence-based guidelines, preventing patient falls by offering sitters, adopting new protocols for testing UTIs, and testing patients during admission (Sorensen et al., 2014). These measures can enhance identification and diagnosis thus improving clinical quality and safeguard patients from hospital-acquired infections and injuries. As a nurse practitioner, I can also use adopt leadership duties to promote patient safety by participating in executive committees, mobilizing healthcare resources and strategies, and mediating between nurses and other medical personnel (Wald et al., 2012). Moreover, I can promote the i mprovement of clinical quality through implementation of the rule by advocating for the root cause analysis, ensuring proper documentation, and monitoring Hospital-Acquired Conditions (Sorensen et al., 2014). Peasah, S. K., McKay, N. L., Harman, J. S., Al-Amin, M., & Cook, R. L. (2013). Medicare Non-Payment of Hospital-Acquired Infections: Infection Rates Three Years Post Implementation. Medicare & Medicaid Research Review, 3(3), 1-13. Wald, H., Richard, A., Dickson, V., & Capezuti, E. (2012). Chief nursing officers’ perspectives on Medicare’s hospital-acquired conditions non-payment policy: implications for policy design and implementation. Implementation Science Journal, 7 (78),

The customers perceived value on the IPhone Essay

The customers perceived value on the IPhone - Essay Example the area, (Sillignakis, 2002) therefore the author now will attempt to identify and analyze customers’ perceived value of one specific type of smart phone -- the IPhone. 1.4. Research objectives The research project will therefore seek to explore and investigate the following: Identify customer perceived value on smart phones. Identify factors that influence the behaviour of mobile phone consumers. Examine the iPhone’s customer value offering. Provide an evaluation of the iPhone’s existing value proposition by comparing and contrasting it against a competitor i.e. Blackberry. 2. Literature review (30%) 2.1. What is customer value Based on Grewal et al, (1998, p.48) and Petric and Backman’s (2002, p.39) notion it can be argued that the iPhone’s CPV is conceptualised in two dimensions i.e. Acquisition and Transactional value. The suggestion is that customers are rational economic decision-makers who process information in order to maximize value (Shet h, 1979)vii; as such, customer value is principally conceptualised as a trade-off between the price of the iPhone and its quality (Holbrook, 2006)viii. Sheth et al (1991)’s â€Å"five Values† conceptual framework questions the economic assumption that consumers evaluate purchase and usage decisions with a calculator-like approach (Holbrook, 2006). Instead Holbrook and Hirschman (1982)ix proposed the experiential approach and introduced new concepts such as feelings, fantasies, and fun (Holbrook, 2006). Rather, consumer decision processes embrace complex motivation that includes both intrinsic and extrinsic values (Holbrook, 2005; 2006)x. Woodruff (1997)xi defines customer value as the emotional bond established between customer and producer after the customer has used a salient product or service produced by that... This research will begin with the explanation of what the customer value is. Based on Grewal et al, and Petric and Backman’s notion it can be argued that the iPhone’s CPV is conceptualised in two dimensions i.e. Acquisition and Transactional value. The suggestion is that customers are rational economic decision-makers who process information in order to maximize value; as such, customer value is principally conceptualised as a trade-off between the price of the iPhone and its quality. Sheth et al’s â€Å"five Values† conceptual framework questions the economic assumption that consumers evaluate purchase and usage decisions with a calculator-like approach. Instead Holbrook and Hirschman proposed the experiential approach and introduced new concepts such as feelings, fantasies, and fun. Rather, consumer decision processes embrace complex motivation that includes both intrinsic and extrinsic values. Woodruff defines customer value as the emotional bond establ ished between customer and producer after the customer has used a salient product or service produced by that supplier and found the product to provide an added value. In other words, customer value is determined by the customer rather than objectively determined by the seller. The consumer behaviour is "The study of individuals, groups, or organisations and the processes they use to select, secure, use, and dispose of products, services, experiences, or ideas to satisfy needs and the impacts that these processes have on the consumer and society.

Realism Vs. Liberalism in terms and regards of International Relations Essay

Realism Vs. Liberalism in terms and regards of International Relations - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that theories are established or evolved as a way of explaining a complex and often opaque subject in a clear and useful way - when they resonate they become tools to explain and explore subjects. In these statements, a look will be to set a position between the theories of realism and liberalism to examine whether liberalism provides a viable alternative to realism when looking to understand international relations. An argue will be on that both realism and liberalism are useful theories when considering IR, they have two contradictory points. Bayliss and Smith describe these two theories as Realism being the natural party of government and Liberalism (as) the leader of the opposition. This analogy rather underplays the significance, application, and effectiveness of liberalism in our globalized world. Before exploring the various theories to explain international relations, we should first consider what is meant by the term International relations can be used to describe the academic pursuit to gain an understanding of how nations interact with each other. In the globalized and multi-stakeholder world that now subsists, that a center of concentration entirely on the states implicated will not be able to fully explain the actions and reactions on the international stage. In this essay, it is described international relations as the interactions of all stakeholders involved in setting nationally interested policies and the related diplomacy required to execute said policies.

Conclusion- Marketing research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Conclusion- Marketing research - Essay Example The company’s experience has gained it a competitive advantage, for instance Google is available in 88 languages unlike its competitors. The user-interface is easy-to –use and simple for the users thus preferable over others. Google’s advanced search engines are fast and accurate because they are in order of relevancy to the search topic (â€Å"Google inc., swot,† 2008). It will take the competitors a while to build advanced search engines that can challenge Google search. The company has a chance to better as there more opportunities; the number of people willing to spend on online presence and the internet is rapidly increasing. The company can develop a mass-market portal to compete with MSN/Yahoo, it also has a browser: Google chrome (â€Å"Google inc., swot,† 2008) .All of these increases business opportunities. The company should solve its internal weaknesses such as political issues, address the threats such as competitors companies, look for solutions to content piracy issues and move on. So far so good but the company has potential to bridge the gap between the current position and the desired

The Rise of the Papacy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Rise of the Papacy - Research Paper Example e on earth will be  loosed in heaven†.1 After the ascension, Peter of course played an active and pivotal role in building the first Christian communities in Judea, Greece, and Rome. Although the earliest forms of Christianity were not â€Å"Catholic† per se, the subsequent movement of Catholicism traces its origins back to the very earliest Christians and leverage this understanding as a means of developing a type of ethos with respect to the church’s stature within Christendom. The purpose of this brief essay will focus upon the rise of the papacy and the manner through which the bishops of Rome came to define, and indeed be called, â€Å"pope† in the contemporary sense and meaning of the word. It is the hope of this author that such a level of discussion will be beneficial in helping the reader to come to a more profound understanding with respect to how this institution came into being and the causal factors that facilitated the rise of the papacy at the distinct moment in time that it took place. As has previously been referenced within the introduction, the foundations of the papacy can be traced back to the belief that Christ would found a church with Peter as its figurehead. As Christianity grew and Christian communities sprung up throughout the Mediterranean region, and elsewhere, the fundamental need for some type of control structure and/or figure of leadership was abundantly apparent. Peter, Paul, and the other apostles, noted in the New Testament, spent a great deal of time running between these early communities and seeking to avert major crises of faith/doctrine. As a matter of defining the way in which these groups of believers would engage with the gospel, interact with one another, and seek to integrate with the remainder of the Christian communities throughout the world, early forms of Christianity soon began to nominate and promote bishops within these communities as a means of providing a type of regional figurehead that could help to