In “Impossible Mourning Sophocles Reversal” By Fanny...

In â€Å"Impossible Mourning: Sophocles Reversal† by Fanny Soderback, she introduces the concept of a Sophoclean reversal at the heart Antigone. To introduce her argument, Antigone is associated with the private realm and divine law, and Creon is a representative of human law and politics. Soderback bases her understanding of Antigone on the work of Hannah Arendt, who argues that the Greek public realm is distinctly separated from the private realm, which rebuts most claims of how family and state were closed interconnected in Greek culture. This allows the readers to have a different interpretation of Antigone. Throughout the story, the idea of a Sophoclean reversal suggests that the relationships between the representative of the private and†¦show more content†¦However, the argument is further emphasized when Antigone challenges Creon’s authority after burying Polynices, supposedly two times, and induces him to reverse the consequences of disobedience agains t his rule near the end of the play, he changes his method of execution â€Å"I’ll take her down some wild, desolate path/ never trod by men, and wall her up alive/ in a rocky vault, and set out short rations, /† (Sophocles 871-873). Since Creon tries to show piety towards Antigone because he did not directly kill her and refused to take responsibility for his actions, he found himself placed within the private realms in the Arendtian definition once again since he tried to make Antigone disappear without any involvement of the outsiders amongst the public. After making private decisions and going against his own word as king, Creon’s actions displayed the actions attributed to an individual who belongs in the private sphere. Throughout the play, Creon tried to rule over Thebes with authoritarian tendencies or as a dictator through actions of violence, later condemned by Tiresias, leading to Creon’s impotence and ultimately his profound reversal of fate, where he is surrounded by his dead loved ones consumed by uncontrollable grief. However, right before he receives the fate of the Gods, Creon already displays the characteristics of an individual in the private realm due to his fall from his pedestal. This is

Ban The Box Or Fair Chance Policy Essay - 1416 Words

Ban the Box or Fair Chance Policy is a policy currently in the works for ending the discrimination of ex-convicts and ex-felons when seeking employment due to their criminal history. This policy gives previously and recently released ex-convicts and ex-felons the chance to achieve a long lasting stable employment. It gives the recently increased for the employers consider a job candidate’s qualifications first, without the stigma of a criminal record. This policy touch on the bases on the individuals being released from correctional institutions. This policy is trying to address the social problem of employment discrimination of ex-convicts and ex-felons. This policy focus are the individuals who are either recently released from prison or jail and individuals who have been out of prison or jail who are struggling to achieve stable implement but cannot due to criminal history. Currently this policy is being implemented in 23 states: California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware , Georgia, Hawaii, Illinois, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts. Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, and Wisconsin. Florida has not yet joined. I believe that Ban the Box should become a federal law where all 50 U.S. states must abide by this policy once the law is enacted. According to the Ban the Box campaign, they was started initially by All of Us or None, a national civil rights movement ofShow MoreRelatedBan The Box Legislation944 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Ban the Box† legislation takes the question about conviction history off of the job application and delays when the employer can ask about an applicant’s criminal history and/or run a criminal background check. 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Revenue from concerts, publishing and digital sales has increased significantly since the early 2000sRead MoreAffirmative Action: Then vs . Now4130 Words   |  17 Pagesany employer, contractor or educational facility grant preferential treatment or discriminate against anyone. Proposition 209 passed with a 54% majority. This is surprising considering that in 1995, 26 states had bills to be considered that would ban or significantly change affirmative action in their states. None of the bills passed. California set the precedence for many states because they were attempting to address reverse discrimination, but Proposition 209 wreaked a lot of havoc on theRead MoreGay And Lesbian Demographics : Questions About Sexual Orientation2938 Words   |  12 Pagesit does with married heterosexual couples unless the proper legal documents were drawn, and one partner may find themselves without a home. B. 17 states and D.C. Prohibit housing discrimination based on sexual orientation or gender identity. C. The Fair Housing Act of 1968 protects housing related transactions for many groups (race, national origin, religion, sex or disability) but does not protect people against discrimination based on gender identity or sexual orientation. D. There is no federal

Sick Around the World Video Analysis free essay sample

What does universal health care mean? Which countries in the film have universal health care? Universal healthcare or universal coverage refers to a scenario where everyone is covered for basic healthcare services, and no one is denied care as long as they are legal residents in the geography covered. Countries that have universal health care coverage are United Kingdom, Japan, Germany, Switzerland and Taiwan. Although all five countries that was discussed in the video Sick Around the World, have universal healthcare coverage, each health care policy are uniquely designed to meet the needs of the people. The United Kingdom provides public healthcare to all I-JK permanent residents may receive free health care service at the point of need which is paid through taxes. In addition, each also has a private healthcare sector which is considerably smaller than its public equivalent, with provision of private healthcare acquired by means of private health insurance, funded as part of an employer funded healthcare scheme or paid directly by the customer. We will write a custom essay sample on Sick Around the World Video Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Also, they are the only country that was discussed that had a GP or General Practitioner. The GP acts as a gatekeeper in assisting patients in receiving specialized are. Japans universal coverage was another country that was investigated. It provides health care services to approximately one hundred and thirty million people and only uses eight percent of the countrys GDP (gross domestic product). Germany has a universal health care plan that can cover everyone with the option of opting out and selecting a private company for health care services. The insurances premiums are based on an individual income. Obamas idea: Starting in 2014, middle-class families and individuals who dont have insurance through work can get tax credits to help them buy affordable overage on the new health insurance exchanges. Through the new health insurance exchanges or through employers, Americans will be able to purchase affordable health coverage at lower rates, and many will be eligible for tax credits to help lower costs. Employers who choose to offer employees health insurance can receive tax cuts of up to 35% of premiums this year, and up to 50% in 2014. More than 60% of small employers will be eligible for these tax cuts. Starting this year, children will no longer be denied insurance due to pre-existing conditions, and adults with pre- xisting conditions will have access to a temporary high-risk insurance pool. Starting in 2014, discrimination against pre-existing conditions will be banned completely. In 2007, 62% of all bankruptcies filed in the United States were linked to medical expenses. Health reform will prevent bankruptcies by capping annual out-of-pocket costs for families who receive insurance through the exchanges or a small business. In the United States, insurance companies can deny coverage to people who are sick or who have pre-existing conditions, and they can make a profit. How do these wo factors impact American health care? A pre-existing condition is a health problem that existed before you apply for a health problem that existed before you apply for a health insurance policy or enroll in a new health plan. A pre-existing condition can be something as common and as serious as heart disease, high blood pressure, cancer, type 2 diabetes, and asthma. These are some chronic health problems that affect a large portion of the population. Even if you have a relatively minor condition such as hay fever or a previous accidental injury, a health plan can deny coverage. In the United States, a pre- existing condition can affect your health insurance coverage. If you are applying for insurance, some health insurance companies may accept you conditionally by providing a pre-existing condition exclusion period In Germany, the rich pay for the poor, the ill are covered by the healthy, health insurance continues with or without employment, and doctors, who are private entrepreneurs, make less money than they did before reform. o Why will doctors in Germany accept less money? o Should the rich pay for the poor when it comes to health insurance? Germany as Europes oldest universal health care system, with origins dating back to Otto von Bismarcks Social legislation, which included the Health Insurance Bill of 1883. In the public system the premium is set by the Federal Ministry of Health based on a fixed set of covered services as described in the German Social Law (Sozialgesetzbuch SGB), which limits those services to economically viable, sufficient, necessary and meaningful services Also it is not dependent on an individuals health condition, but a percentage of salaried income. Typically 10-15%, depending on the public health nsurance company one is in, where half of that is paid by the employer. This system includes family members of any family members, or registered member ( Familienversicherung i. e. husband/wife and children are free). Its a pay as you go system there is no saving for an individuals higher health costs with rising age or existing conditions. With an aging population, there is an intrinsic risk that, in the long run, the burden to be carried by the young and working generations for the higher share of elderly will run the public system into a huge deficit or result in high premiums

Loving From Vietnam To Zimbabwe Essays - British Poetry,

Loving From Vietnam To Zimbabwe After reading Janice Mirikitani's poem "Loving from Vietnam to Zimbabwe" there is a profound amount of imagery used by Mirikitani that explains a reality of sex, love, and war. Mirikitani uses an interesting and unique format in the way she has written her poem. The "I" that Mirikitani uses is not referring to herself but rather another woman who is Vietnamese, or many women whom are Vietnamese. She has essentially divided her poem into two sides. One side, the left side, is where she reveals images of sex and love. On the other side, the right side, is where she reveals the imagery of war. By dividing her poem into two sides, she is able to describe two conflicting issues that are part of the woman's life or at some point had an impact on her life and emotions. It seems as though Mirikitani is explaining images from Vietnam. These images of sex, love, and war that she has written in respect to, are not the sex and love that we know as Americans, but the sex and love that was prevalent during the Vietnam War. Mirikitani wrote this poem in 1980, so it is possible that, she has some repressed images and feelings about the war or war in general. Mirikitani begins her poem with images of sex and love. By writing this poem, she has given a voice to many women from a country torn apart by War. It is almost as if every image she has of sex is matched with an image of war. This reveals how the woman must deal with two realities. One reality is the life of a Vietnamese woman and another reality of sleeping with the enemy. These two realities seem to be conflicting with each other and it ultimately makes the Vietnamese woman feel that her situation is unresolved. Mirikitani draws the reader into the subject matter of her poem by the use of her figurative language imagery. She describes a relationship between a Vietnamese woman and an American soldier who is of color. By defining the soldiers skin color, she metaphorically correlates his appearance as, "large/black like the shadowed belly of a leaf."(Stanza 16, lines 3-4) By this she is defining his appearance visually so that we see him as dark as a shadow is. It also gives the feeling that this soldier is mysterious, and cold blooded. The relationship that the woman has with the soldier is quite difficult to understand, but without reasonable doubt, these two people have engaged in sexual activities. On the sex side of her poem, which is the left side, she visually interprets her experience with the man. Mirikitani uses several extended metaphors to describe his body, "As I move into the grassy plain of your chest" (Stanza 12, lines 3-5) is an example. Not only does she use figurative language to describe the man, she also uses it to describe the physical interaction between them. For reference, stanza seven is an example of her figurative language that I am referring to. Because of their relationship, the Vietnamese woman feels troubled because there is anger within her due to what she feels the American soldiers have done to her people and their land. She is un-eased about having sex with this man because of her anger. One way to look at their relationship is to visualize that this woman and man are in a relationship of love and that one woman's lust for a man ultimately leads her to pain when he is killed. The woman is left in a painful and agonizing state after the man has been murdered; which gives the poem a slight twist at the ending. After she has left the images of the man's death with us, she reveals that love is dangerous and that, "loving in this world, is the silver splinting edge." (Stanza 20 line 1-3) Love has been painful to her and she has been maddened and angered by it. Another way to understand their relationship is that these two characters in Mirikitani's poem do not love each other and are with each other only for the means of sex. Mrikitani metaphorically describes the parts of the man's body as physical places on earth, "As I reach down onto Mt. Inyangani." She is not actually referring to Mt. Inyangani, but to the man's private parts. The relationship between the Vietnamese woman and the black man seems cold and awkward. There is no love involved in their sex;

Futurism and 20th Century Essay Example

Futurism and 20th Century Essay Example Futurism and 20th Century Paper Futurism and 20th Century Paper An Itch You Can’t Scratch Futurism is a movement in the 20th century that valued technology’s beauty. In their works of art the Futurists tried to capture the experience of a modern world transformed by steam engines, electricity, automobiles, and airplanes. Futurist art was an appreciation of life and sought to obliterate the contemplative concept of art. Instead of standing separate from the experience of the modern world, Futurist artists threw themselves into the battle against a tame past and a liberating future. During the first decade of the 20th century, a group of young Italian painters came together under the influence of Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, an Italian poet and writer. They dabbled in every medium of art including painting, sculpture, theatre and much more. Marinetti launched this movement in his Futurist Manifesto, which was published February 5, 1909. After it was published, it quickly spread to France, Germany, Russia and the Americas. This movement was the first organized, radical art movement of this century. Their manifestos were meant to shock and provoke the audience. Marinetti’s ideas came from his loath for tame virtues and tastes. His ideas were radical. He believed that it was time to create a new form of art for the people, based on the beauty of speed and the power and force of machinery. It was clear that Marinetti was trying to make Futurism break away from the past and create something completely new and compelling. The Futurists loved speed, noise, machines, pollution, and cities; they embraced the exciting new world that was upon them rather than enjoying the modern world’s comforts while disapproving the forces that made them possible. : Futurism was a celebration of the machine age, glorifying war and favoring the growth of fascism. Futurist painting and sculpture were concerned with expressing movement and the dynamics of natural and man-made forms. Futurism in theatre, however, was very short lived. The futurist plays sought to transform the audience from just mere spectators to being active participants in the show. Marinetti presented a whole list of suggestions on how to cause laughter, commotion and fighting. The plays would incorporate the audience with antics such as spreading the seats with glue, or sprinkling itching powder on the seats. They also provoked the audience by overselling the tickets so there were not enough seats for the people who had purchased the tickets. This would lead to the fighting. These antics were meant to annoy and enrage the audience, forcing them to feel emotion when they were at the play and to physically participate. These emotions were obviously not positive emotions, which is why this form of theatre was not very popular and it did not last very long. Because after they aroused their audience, they failed to guide them to their ideals. Futurist theatre ended in the late 20th century. I chose this topic for my paper because it was one of the movements of theatre that really stuck out to me. I loved the idea of including the audience and transforming them from mere voyeurs but this was obviously not the way to do that. I could not believe some of the things they did to their audience. I could not believe they actually spread itching powder and glue on the seats. There are many more appropriate ways to involve an audience. This was just disrespectful to the audience. I can understand why this form of theatre was so short-lived. These antics would drive away the audience and make them too distracted to even enjoy the show. The show would then go unnoticed. I do not understand how they thought this was a good idea. The seating area is supposed to be relaxing and comfortable. The audience should feel welcomed while viewing a show, not angered and provoked by tactics involved with the seating area. They should have focused on more positive ways to engage the audience without provoking them.

A Guide to the Purchasing Power Parity Theory

A Guide to the Purchasing Power Parity Theory Purchasing-power parity (PPP) is an economic concept that states that the  real exchange rate  between domestic and foreign goods is equal to one, though it does not mean that the  nominal exchange rates  are constant or equal to one.   Put another way, PPP supports the idea that identical items in different countries should have the same real prices in another, that a person who purchases an item domestically should be able to sell it in another country and have no money left over. This means that the amount of purchasing power that a consumer has does not depend on what currency with which he or she is making purchases. The Dictionary of Economics defines the PPP theory as one that states that the exchange rate between one currency and another is in equilibrium when their domestic purchasing powers at that  rate of exchange  are equivalent. Understanding Purchasing-Power Parity in Practice To better understand how this concept would apply to real-world economies, look at the United States dollar versus the Japanese yen. Say, for example, that one U.S. dollar (USD) can buy about 80 Japanese yen (JPY). While that would make it appear that United States citizens have less purchasing power, the PPP theory implies that there is an interaction between nominal prices and nominal exchange rates so that, for example, items in the United States that sell for one dollar would sell for 80 yen in Japan, which is a concept known as the real exchange rate. Take a look at another example. First, suppose that one USD is currently selling for 10 Mexican pesos (MXN) on the exchange rate market. In the United States, wooden baseball bats sell for $40 while in Mexico they sell for 150 pesos. Since the exchange rate is one to 10, then the $40 USD bat would only cost $15 USD if bought in Mexico. Theres an advantage to purchasing the bat in Mexico, so consumers are much better off going to Mexico to buy their bats. If consumers decide to do this, we should expect to see three things happen: American consumers desire Mexican Pesos to purchase baseball bats in Mexico. So they go to an  exchange rate  office and sell their American Dollars and buy Mexican Pesos, and this will cause the Mexican Peso to become more valuable relative to the U.S. Dollar.The demand for baseball bats sold in the United States decreases, so the price American retailers charge goes down.The demand for baseball bats sold in Mexico increases, so the price Mexican retailers charge goes up. Eventually, these three factors should cause the exchange rates and the prices in the two countries to change such that we have purchasing power parity. If the U.S. Dollar declines in value to a one to eight ratio to Mexican pesos, the price of baseball bats in the United States goes down to $30 each, and the price of baseball bats in Mexico goes up to 240 pesos each, we will have purchasing power parity. This is because a consumer can spend $30 in the United States for a baseball bat, or he can take his $30, exchange it for 240 pesos and buy a baseball bat in Mexico and be no better off. Purchasing Power Parity and the Long Run Purchasing-power parity theory tells us that price differentials between countries are not sustainable in the long run as market forces will equalize prices between countries and change exchange rates in doing so. You might think that my example of consumers crossing the border to buy baseball bats is unrealistic as the expense of the longer trip would wipe out any savings you get from buying the bat for a lower price. However, it is not unrealistic to imagine an individual or company buying hundreds or thousands of the bats in Mexico then shipping them to the United States for sale. It is also not unrealistic to imagine a store like Walmart purchasing bats from the lower cost manufacturer in Mexico instead of the higher cost manufacturer in Mexico. In the long run, having different prices in the United States and Mexico is not sustainable because an individual or company will be able to gain an arbitrage profit by buying the good cheaply in one market and selling it for a higher price in the other market. Since the price for any one good should be equal across markets, the price for any combination or basket of goods should be equalized. Thats the theory, but it doesnt always work in practice.   How Purchasing-Power Parity is Flawed in Real Economies Despite its intuitive appeal, purchasing-power parity does not generally hold in practice because PPP relies on the presence of arbitrage opportunities - opportunities to  buy items at a low price in one place and sell them at a higher price in another - to bring prices together in different countries. Ideally, as a result, prices would converge because the buying activity would push prices in one country up and the selling activity would push prices in the other country down. In reality, there are various transaction costs and barriers to trade that limit the ability to make prices converge via market forces. For example, its unclear how one would exploit arbitrage opportunities for services across different geographies, since its often difficult, if not impossible, to transport services without additional costs from one place to another. Nevertheless, purchasing-power parity is an important concept to consider as a baseline theoretical scenario, and, even though purchasing-power parity might not hold perfectly in practice, the intuition behind it does place practical limits on how much real prices can diverge across countries. Limiting Factors to Arbitrage Opportunities Anything which limits the free trade of goods will limit the opportunities people have in taking advantage of these arbitrage opportunities. A few of the larger limits are: Import and Export Restrictions: Restrictions such as quotas,  tariffs, and laws will make it difficult to buy goods in one market and sell them in another. If there is a 300% tax on imported baseball bats, then in our second example it is no longer profitable to buy the bat in Mexico instead of the United States. The U.S. could also pass a law  making  it illegal to import baseball bats. The effect of quotas and tariffs were covered in more detail in Why Are Tariffs Preferable to Quotas?.Travel Costs: If it is costly to transport goods from one market to another, we would expect to see a difference in prices in the two markets. This even happens in places that use the same currency; for  instance, the price of goods is lower in Canadian cities such as Toronto and Edmonton than it is in more remote parts of Canada such as Nunavut.Perishable Goods: It may be simply physically impossible to transfer goods from one market to another. There may be a place which sells cheap sandwic hes in New York City, but that doesnt help me if I am living in San Francisco. Of course, this effect is mitigated by the fact that many of the ingredients used in making the sandwiches are transportable, so we would expect that sandwich makers in New York and San Francisco should have similar material costs. This is the basis  of  the Economists famous Big Mac Index, which is detailed in their must-read article McCurrencies. Location: You cannot buy a piece of property in Des Moines and move it to Boston. Because of that real-estate prices in markets can vary wildly. Since the price of land is not the same everywhere, we would expect this to have an impact on prices, as retailers in Boston have higher expenses than retailers in Des Moines. So while purchasing power parity theory helps us understand exchange rate differentials, exchange rates do not always converge in the long run the way PPP theory predicts.

An Investigation Into a Contemporay Health Issue Essay

An Investigation Into a Contemporay Health Issue - Essay Example The ‘Right to Die’ group argues that euthanasia is ethically wrong and is driven by some socio-ethical issues that are propagated by the society. Euthanasia is usually done on the critically ill, physically disabled and other people who are considered a burden to the society. The group cites that the debate on ethical implications of the process has a psychological effect on those who are targeted. This may affect and influence the affected to think in terms of euthanasia as the only way to become independent of their problems. While this may seem like voluntary euthanasia, although it has been aided by depression of the victim, the likelihood of people committing involuntary euthanasia in the future is very real. The argument countered fro by the proponents of Right to Life, questions the ethicality behind killing disabled people in the interests of the society. Governments have a duty to protect the fundamental human right to life, which will be seriously hindered by e uthanasia. The argument that people with disabilities are a burden to the society and should therefore have their lives terminated evokes a feeling of society riddled in unethical and immoral behaviors (Cauldwell, 2007). On the other hand, terminating someone’s life on the basis of incapacitation violates people’s right to life. The unethical nature of euthanasia has been experienced in many cases where people are killed through decisions taken by medical professionals and interested parties. If such a trend continues, the professional ethics and moral obligations will be eroded completely. The Futile-Care Theory and Health Rationing have been used to make euthanasia look ethical and moral. In some countries, healthcare professionals are prohibited from helping patients with certain levels of problems. While in other countries like Holland, euthanasia is legal. Even without the patients’ knowledge, the healthcare professionals result to euthanasia. This deprives people of their

Finance and Accounting Concepts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Finance and Accounting Concepts - Essay Example It consists of financial activities which include collecting, recording, analyzing and communicating the financial information to others. The financial data is a collection of facts which is expressed in numerical symbols and characters. The major task of the accountant is to records the financial transactions and converts data into financial information. The study will deal with the various accounting concepts that have helped the accountants in dissemination of financial information. Accurate financial presentation helps in the systematic recording of the financial transactions and also helps in identification of errors in the accounting procedure. The author of the study will able to give an insight into the basic accounting concepts and its impact on the business activities. Finally, the study will conclude with the various accounting concepts and its practical applications. Accounting Concepts & Procedures Accounting is definitely concerned with the recording of transactions tha t affect the business activities and is also related to preparation of income statement and the balance sheet. As per the AICPA committee of terminology accounting is regarded as a process of recording, classifying, summarizing and in systematic and significant manner. It is called an information system which helps in the identification, measuring, and communication of economic financial information which permits rationale and judgmental information among users. 1) Art of recording the business transactions: The systematic method of recording financial transactions in the books of accounts which helps in the fulfilment of the objective of the user and the accountant. 2) Systematic Process: Recording financial transactions is regular in nature and is done in methodical and chronological manners. Accounting is done through the application of various rules, regulations, principles and expertise. 3) Measurable in terms of money: The accounting transactions are measurable in terms of mon ey and need to be recorded in the books of accounts. These accounting events are measurable in terms of money. The events which are not measurable in terms of money are not recorded 4) Information Systems: It is information systems that measures the accounting process and communicates about the financial information through an economic entity. It also supplies financial information to the decision makers. 5) Medium: It is also regarded as an important medium for communicating the financial information and their interpretations. The main objective of the financial accounting would be to provide the necessary information to the user in a systematic process. There are various branches of accounting; cost, managerial and financial accounting procedures. It helps in ascertaining the results of the business transactions and also assessing the true financial position of the company. The major functions would be to identify and record the financial transaction of the organization which can be measurable in terms of money, grouping transactions that are similar in nature of a particular place which is done in ledger, summarizing the financial transactions which involve the preparation of income statement, trial balance and balance sheet and interpretation of financial statements by ascertaining the financial position of the company. Some of the major objectives of accounting would be to ascertain the results of a business organization within a particular time period ascertain the true financial position of a business organization and provide the necessary financial information to the users. The different types of users of accounting wo

The ABCs of Aphorisms in Kindergarten Essay Example for Free

The ABCs of Aphorisms in Kindergarten Essay An aphorism is a short statement expressing a truth or clever observation. Benjamin Franklin and Robert Fulghum both used aphorisms in things they have written. Ben Franklins Poor Richards Almanac uses aphorisms in a more literal way. However, Robert Fulghum uses his aphorisms in a more metaphorical way. Although the two are different, both writers have the same type of ideas on how to morally live your life. Living a balanced life is an aphorism used by Franklin and Fulghum. Although used in different context and in a slightly different way, they mean the same thing no matter who uses it. In Fulghums aphorism he says, Live a balanced life. Learn some and think some and paint and draw and sing and dance and play and work everyday some. Being simpler in his words yet not in his meaning makes this an interesting aphorism. Also being a little more direct and straight to the point are Franklins words, Eat to live and not live to eat. In spite of the fact that Franklins definition may seem simpler, they are in fact saying the same thing only wording it differently. Both aphorisms mean that one must balance themselves and that you must do everything in moderation and never to excess. Taking a slightly different approach, both men got there message across in an clear and precise manner. A metaphor can be described as a figure of speech in which an expression is used to refer to something that it does not literally denote in order to suggest a similarity. On the contrary, a literary term is one that can be described as very clear and one that expresses emphasis on a topic. Robert Fulghum being a more metaphorical writer, wrote his aphorisms in such a way that they seemed almost too simple to have a deeper meaning. However, that was quite the opposite. The aphorisms were meant to be that way; they were supposed to have a deeper meaning that wasnt available to someone looking at the surface writing. While, in great contrast, Benjamin Franklin wrote his aphorisms with such literal depth that it shone right through his work. Every aphorism of his has a meaning inside of a meaning. Neither of these styles were better, nor worse then the other, yet they both were productive ways of using aphorisms. Using both methods of credible writing, these two terrific men and writers are inspirational and influential in their examples of aphorisms. I personally, prefer Robert Fulghums style of writing to, Benjamin Franklins. I like looking into a statement and pulling it apart to find out what it is truly saying, and Fulghums writing exemplifies that quality in his aphorisms. I respect both styles of aphorism usage, and I think that both, literally and metaphorically, are equally interesting and are helpful incites to our lives. Aphorisms are a much more appealing way to learn about how one views their life and how they view everyone elses life as well.

The Rise in Female Gang Members Essay -- Organized Crime Gangs

Many people recognize that gangs have been around for what seems like forever. What they don't realize is that the numbers are increasing to amazing proportions, there were 28,000 youth gangs with 780,200 members in the United States (in 2000) and 20% to 46% of those members are female (Evans). And what is even more shocking is, in Chicago alone there are 16,000 to 20,000 female gang members (Eghigian). These girls start out as ?groupies?, become members, and sometimes even leaders of all-girl gangs because of troubles in the home, a need for money, for the social scene, or just because it is all they know. Allison Abner, who wrote Gangsta girls, sat down and spoke with three girls who have all been in gangs while, two still are. These girls speak of themselves and many others that live in isolated neighborhoods, where the high school drop-out rates are high, as well as unemployment rates (Abner). They are ready to work hard, and to achieve, but are not given the opportunities to do so. They often come from troubled and violent homes and just need something to ?fill the void...

How Does Drug Abuse Affect Personal Development of Hong Kong Teenagers? Essay

Liberal Studies: Independent Enquiry Studies Enquiry theme: How does drug abuse affect personal development of Hong Kong teenagers? 1. Introduction I am interested in the topic of drug abuse since I first study the bad effects of drug abuse. However, the reason I chose drug abuse as my enquiry topic because a new that I recently read .It showed a very dangerous trend appears in Hong Kong which is more and more teenagers try to abuse drugs. It also found that drug abuse would cause great damage towards the personal development of teenagers. As I am very worry about this issue so I developed interest on the issue of teenage drug abuse. I also found that the age of teenager who abuse drugs become younger and younger. 1From the statistic done in 2009 shows that there were 8,916 drug users reported in the first six months of the year, which is 1.7% more than the same period in 2008. The number of drug users under 21 years old rose from 2,106 to 2,175. This information shows the urgency to pay attention to the problem. If we do not pay attention to the issue of teenage drug abuse, many teenagers will suffer greatly from drug abuse. Furthermore, I had also done an interview with a social worker, Miss Fung. I have a more clear understanding towards the reasons that cause teenagers to abuse drugs. I think it is very important to consider the reasons of teenage drug abuse .We can try to prevent teenager drug abuse only when we know why they try to abuse drugs. Furthermore, we also need to consider the bad effects of teenage drug abuse towards their personal development so that teenagers could understand the seriousness of drug abuse. This is also an effective ways in preventing teenage from abusing drugs. 1 Teen Drug Use Increasing in Hong Kong Posted on September 8, 2009 http://www.teendrugabuse.org/drugs-abused/teen-drug-use-increasing-in-hong-kong 3 2. Objectives 1. 2. To find out reasons that teenagers try to abuse drugs To find out whether the problem of teenage drug abuse is serious among Hong Kong teenagers? 3. 4. To see the effect of abusing drugs towards teenagers’ personal development. To give some suggestion on how to prevent teenagers drug abuse. Focus Questions 1. What is meant by drug abuse? 2. Are Hong Kong teenagers abuse drugs is a common phenomenon in the society? 3. What are the reasons that drive the Hong Kong teenagers to abuse drugs? 4. What are the bad effects causes by drugs abusing towards the teenagers’ personal development? 5. How can the society help to prevent teenage drug abuse? 4 3. Research Methodology 3.1 Questionnaire The target interviewees are teenagers aged between 12 to 21 years old. There are 43 respondents for the questionnaire. This questionnaire was set in English. The questionnaire is an online interview which designed in the form of multiple choice or some ranking questions to find out the reasons that drive teenagers to abuse drugs and the negative impacts brought by drug abuse, and the effectiveness of some preventive measures towards teenage drug abuse. The questionnaire is divided into 4 parts. Part 1 asked for the personal information about the interviewees, part 2 asks for the cause of teenage drug abuse, part 3 asks for the bad impacts brought by drug abuse and part 4 asks for the effectiveness of some preventive methods in preventing teenage drug abuse. 3.2 Interview The data collection process also includes an interview with a teenage social worker who had worked as a teenage social worker for 6 years. During the interview, a series of questions about teenage drug abuse were being asked  in order to collect data for the research. For example, in your point of view, what are the main causes that drive teenagers to abuse drugs? 3.3 Limitations There are some questions in the questionnaire are used to decide the effectiveness of some preventive measures towards teenage drug abuse. Therefore, it is a bit difficult for the respondents may found that it is difficult to answer these questions the questions. However, it is necessary to determine the effectiveness of these preventive measures so as to conclude some effective preventive measures in preventing teenage drug abuse. Also, there were only 43 respondents to answer the questionnaire so the data collected may not able to represents the general condition of teenage drug abuse in Hong Kong. Moreover, the main cause of teenage drug abuse and the bad effects of teenage drugs could be 5 finding out in the questionnaire. 4. Literature Review The problem of drug abuse of Hong Kong teenagers became a very hot topic among the society. There are also some figures shows that there are increasing trend of Hong Kong teenagers abuse drugs and there are many surveys show that teenage drug abuse would caused many bad effects towards their growth and development. I would give a brief analysis based on the following articles. The article â€Å"Teen drug use in Hong Kong† shows that there is an increasing number of teenage drug abuser in Hong Kong. At the same time, the age of drug abusers become much younger than the previous years. The statistic shows that there were 8,916 drug users reported in the first six months of 2009, 1.7% more than the same period last year. The number of drug users under 21 years old rose from 2,106 to 2,175.Most importantly, the drug users aged 12 to 15, the number of which has grown 25% from 204 to 256. This shows that there is an urgent need to take action to stop and prevent teenagers in Hong Kong to abuse drugs. On the other hand, the article â€Å"Problems arising from drug abuse† by Valerie Belew studied the problems caused by drug abuse. It studied is not just focus on the problem s caused by drug abuse towards teenagers but it studied the problems as a  whole. The problems caused by drug abuse would also happen in adult. It pointed out the seriousness of drug abuse towards once personal development. The articles divided the problems arise from drug abuse into 5 aspects, addiction as Brain dysfunction, developmental problems, physical disease, family problems and financial problems. The article is useful I providing a detailed information about the bad effects caused by drug abuse. Although the problems caused by drug abuse discussed in the article are not addressed to teenagers, the information can also be applied to the negative impacts of teenage drug abuse towards their personal development. 6 5. Findings and Analysis 5.1 General information of the questionnaire I posted the questionnaire in the website (www.my3q.com) on 12/4/2010. There are totally 43 respondents answered the questions. 5.2 Definition of drug abuse Definition provided by respondents Misuse of prescription or over-the-counter drugs No of respondents 3 5 A maladaptive pattern of use of a substance that is not considered dependent Intake of illegal drugs Over intake of certain drugs which lead to addiction 10 25 Table 1 According to table 1, different respondents have different opinion onto the definition of drug abuse. These definitions given by respondents are correct. This shows that most of the Hong Kong teenagers have a brief understanding towards the meaning of drug abuse. However, their concept of drug abuse is not clear enough. The most comprehensive definition of drug abuse is a 2compulsive, excessive, and self-damaging use of habit forming drugs or substances, leading to addiction or dependence, serious  physiological injury (such as damage to kidneys, liver, heart) and or psychological harm (such as dysfunctional behavior patterns, hallucinations, memory loss), or death. It also called substance abuse. Therefore, the definitions given by the respondents are very similar the most comprehensive definitions. This shows that teenagers understand the meaning of drug 2 Drug abuse http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/drug-abuse.html 7 abuse. 5.3 The universality of the problem of teenage drug abuse in Hong Kong Do you think the problem of teenage drug abuse is common in Hong Kong? 16% Yes No 84% Chart 1 From the above data, 16 % (7/43))of respondents think that the problem of teenage drug abuse is common in Hong Kong while there are 84% (36/43) of respondents believe that the problem of teenage drug abuse is common in Hong Kong. It shows that most of the respondents think the problem of teenage drug abuse is common in Hong Kong. 8 5.4 Reasons that cause teenage drug abuse What cause teenagers to take drugs? (Can choose more than one blanks) 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 34 27 20 12 6 5 Peer influence Seeking for excitement Escaping from the sadness Imitating the manner of parents Underestimate the bad effects of drugs Others Chart 2 5.4.1 Peer influence According to Chart 2, the main reasons that cause the respondents to abuse drugs is â€Å"Peer influence †, where 36 respondents had chosen this item. Peer is a very influential group among teenagers. 3As teenagers usually spend a large amount of times with their peers so peers will play a very influential role in teenagers’ live. The credibility, authority, power, and influence of peers are greater during adolescence than at any other time in life. Therefore, teenagers will seek for acceptance and belonging to their peer groups. In this way, teenagers are more likely to abuse drugs if their peers had abuse drugs so as to gain peer recognition. Also, teenagers would feel it is difficult to refuse the requests by their peers. As they worried they would be isolated by their peers if they refused their requests so they would usually take the requests 3 Peer Influence – Development Of Peer Influence, Negative Peer Influence, Positive Peer Influence, Family Relationships And Peer Influence – JRank  Articles http://family.jrank.org/pages/1265/Peer-Influence.html#ixzz1aI7t6nxU 9 f their peers. Even though they know that abusing drugs is bad for their health, they would still follow their peers to abuse drugs. Teenagers would feel more save if they follow the manners of their peers. Therefore, they would follow the manners of their peers like abusing drugs if their peers ask them to do so. 5.4.2 Seeking for excitement Seeking for excitement is also a very important reason that cause teenagers abuse drugs. There are 27 respondents think that â€Å"seeking for excitement† is the main reasons that cause teenage drug abuse. In fact, seeking for excitement is a very common characteristic among teenagers. As teenagers usually focus on studies in their age and they may feel bored of studying. Thus they would like to seek for some excitement in order to make their live more â€Å"interesting†. Some kind of drugs may cause some side effects like a sense of excitement after in taking them. Therefore, some teenagers would like to take these drugs in order to gain a sense of excitement. 5.4.3 Escaping from sadness According to chart2, there are 20 respondents think that â€Å"escaping from sadness† is an important reason that cause teenagers abuse drugs. Teenagers are not mature enough in their age so they easily develop an idea of escaping from the reality when they faced difficulties. People may have hallucination or they may lose their senses after they took drugs. Therefore, some teenagers would like to take drugs so as to forget their sadness and enjoy the hyper feeling brought by taking drugs. Thus, these teenagers abuse drugs in order to escape from their sadness in reality. 5.4.4 Others All of the respondents chosen others believe that the main reason that causes drug abuse is curiosity. Teenagers usually feel very curious about different things that they have not tried before. At the same time, many adults emphasis that drug abuse would cause great harm towards their personal 10 development. Hence, teenagers would be more curious about drug abuse so they would try to abuse drugs due to curiosity. 5.5 Bad effects brought by abusing drugs Do you think drug abuse will bring any negative impacts towards the society? 0% Yes No 100% Chart 3 Are the following the negative impacts of drug abuse? 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 17 10 17 10 25 20 14 17 39 11 Chart 4 According to Chart 3, all of the 43 respondents believe that drug abuse will bring some negative effects towards the society. Drug abuse would cause great damage towards health of the drug addicts. Thus, these drug addicts may not able to continue with their work or affect their performance in working after they abuse drugs. This will defiantly reduce the productivity of Hong Kong. Furthermore, drug abuse will cause great damage towards the health of drug addicts. Then, they need to visit the doctors frequently to receive medical treatment. This would place a heavy burden of medical services in Hong Kong. It will also increase the medical expenditure which may reduce the expenditure spend o other development. Therefore, it will slow down economic development. On the other hand, drug addicts are not able to control themselves due to the side effects of drugs. Thus, they may perform some dangerous behavior after they take drugs like crossing the road without considering the condition of pavement. This will increase the risk of accidents. It is also very dangerous if these drug addicts to drive cars after abusing drugs. This could also increase the risk of car accidents which place a serious threat towards the security system of Hong Kong. Therefore, drug abuse would definitely ring lots of negative impacts towards the society. On the other hand, according to chart 4, 39 respondents think that drug abuse would lead to addiction. Drug addiction is a dependence on illegal drugs or medications. Once people had tried taking drugs, they could hardly resist the temptation of taking drugs again and again. 4Actually, drug addiction is a chronic, often relapsing brain disease that causes compulsive drug seeking and use, despite harmful 4 Understanding of drug abuse and drug addiction http://drugabuse.gov/infofacts/understand.html 12 consequences to the addicted individual and to those around him or her. Although the initial decision to take drugs is voluntary for most people, the brain changes that occur over time challenge a person’s self control and ability to resist intense impulses urging them to take drugs. Once they stop in taking drugs, the side effects of taking these drugs like irritability and disorientation would appear more frequently which would cause great pain onto the drug addicts. If teenage drug addicts become addict onto drugs, this would not just cause damage to their health. As these teenage drug addicts also has to frequently in take drugs if they addicted onto drugs. Moreover, the cost of drugs is really expansive so it will place a very heavy economic burden towards these teenage drug addicts. Also, if they are addicted into drugs, they will put their full attention onto drugs. Then they would not able to concentrate onto their studies when they addicted  onto drugs. Therefore, addiction onto drugs would badly affect the personal growth and development. Furthermore, there are 25 of respondents think that drug abuse would cause waning of memory. People would hardly remember things. They would be very forgetful. Drug addicts who suffered from this side effects caused by abusing drugs could never be recovered. It is because the reason that people become forgetful after abusing drugs is due to the damage of some tissues and cell in the brain. The drugs that in took by drug addicts would damage their brain cells or tissues which cause the loss of memory. Therefore, people could hardly remember things in this situation. This would greatly affect the daily activities of the drug addicts. They could hardly finish their work when they suffered from this side effect. If teenagers in take these drugs and develop this side effects, this would badly affect their studies. The worst case is that these teenage drug addicts could not continue with their studies. Therefore, waning of memory is a long term effects onto the drug addicts which are not able to recover forever. Thus, this would also cause serious bad effects onto their future career. Therefore, waning of memory is really a serious negative effect of drug abuse which would badly affect the personal growth and development of teenagers. 13 In addition, there is 20 respondents chose â€Å"depression† as one of the bad effects of drug abuse. Actually, certain drugs may contribute to the etiology of depressive symptoms and depressive disorders. Drug addicts would easily feel depressed after they took these drugs. Also, when the hyper feeling brought by the drugs passed, drug addicts would feel much depressed. It is because they need to be back to the reality which may have many difficulties. The drug addicts may cause depression in when they were back to the cruel reality. If teenage drug addicts frequently feel depressed, they may easily choose other ways to help them to solve this problem which is suicide. As teenagers is not mature enough in handling depression, so they would easily come up the idea of suicide in order to help them to escape from sadness. Therefore, depression would cause serious bad effects onto the personal growth and development of teenagers. 5.6 Methods of prevention of teenage drug abuse Do you know what the School-Based mandatory drug testing scheme about? 2% Yes No 98% Chart 5 14 Do you think the scheme can decrease the number of teenagers take drugs? 33% Yes No 67% Chart 6 5.6.1 Universality of the mandatory drug testing scheme According to chart 5, 98% (42/43) respondents know about the mandatory drug testing scheme. The mandatory drug testing scheme is a trial scheme organized by the government which aim at 5 enhancing the resolve of students who have not taken any drugs to continue to stay away from drugs. Also, for students abusing drugs, the scheme can trigger their motivation to seek help and provide appropriate professional support to help them kick the habit early. After introducing this scheme to public, it aroused great public concern about the privacy of students. Although all the results of the scheme would not be publican, many people still believed that this scheme would interfere the privacy of students. The variety of opinions given by different interest groups enable the scheme became a very  controversial issue in Hong Kong. Hence, more and more Hong Kong citizens would pay attention to the scheme and learn more about this mandatory drug testing scheme. Therefore, there will have such a large proportion of respondents’ show that they know about this scheme. 5 Details of Trial Scheme on School Drug Testing in Tai Po District announced http://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/200910/19/P200910190178.htm 15 5.6.2 Effectiveness of the mandatory drug testing scheme On the other hand, according to chart 6, there are about 67% (28/43) of respondents believe that this mandatory drug testing scheme can effectively decrease the number of teenage drug addicts in Hong Kong. As this scheme is mainly carried out in schools so it can successfully find out teenage drug addicts in school and provide suitable medical treatment in order to help them to stop abusing drugs. Therefore, this scheme can successfully help in decreasing the number of teenage drug addicts in Hong Kong. However, there are 33% (14/42) of respondents believe this scheme is not effective in decreasing the number of teenage drug addicts in Hong Kong. It is because this scheme is a voluntary drug testing scheme. Thus, teenage drug addicts can refuse to join this scheme so this scheme is quite difficult to find out these teenage drug addicts in school. Therefore, these respondents believe that this mandatory drug testing scheme is not effective in decreasing he number of teenage drug addicts in Hong Kong. Moreover, according to the data collected, people still carry a positive attitude towards this mandatory drug testing scheme. 5.6.3 Promotion by the government Do you know about any promotion on preventive measure of drug abuse done by the government? 16% Yes No 84% 16 Chart 7 According to chart 7, 84% (36/43) of respondents acquired some promotions on preventing drug abusing done by the government. In recent years, there are more and more surveys show that there is an increasing trend of teenage drug abuse. This arouses public attention. Therefore, the government put more efforts in promoting the preventive measures of teenage drug abuse. For example, government inserts many television commercial and different kinds of advertisement for promoting the preventive measures. Therefore, people can easily acquire these promotions on preventing drug abusing. This can help to gain public awareness onto the prevention of drug abuse which is a very effective ways in preventing teenage drug abuse. However, there are 16% (7/43) of respondents did not acquire any promotions on preventive measures of drug abuse done by the government. This shows that the promotion done by the government in preventing drug abuse is not enough. Therefore, the government has to pay more efforts in promoting the preventive measures of drug abuse so as to prevent teenagers from abusing drugs. 5.6.4 Effectiveness of some preventive measures in preventing teenage drug abuse Government do more promotion on the bad effects of drug abusing 2% 12% 21% Very Effective Effective Not Effective Poor 65% Chart 8 17 According to chart 8, there are 86% (37/43) of respondents think that government do more promotion on the bad effects of drug abuse is an effective ways in preventing teenage drug abuse. Some of the teenagers may underestimate the bad effects brought by drug abuse. If they could understand the seriousness consequences of drug abuse, this may help to prevent them from trying drugs. Therefore, it is a very effective way in preventing teenagers from abusing drugs. Parents cooperate with schools to keep an eye on the manner of teenagers 0% 14% 14% Very Effective Effective Not Effective Poor 72% Chart 9 According to chart 9, there are 86% (37/43) of respondents thinks that the most effective way in preventing teenage drug abuse is the cooperation between parents and schools to keep an eye on the manner of teenagers. As the symptoms’ caused by drug abuse are very obvious. Therefore, if parents and the schools can keep an eye on their manner, it can easily find out the teenage drug abusers. Hence, parents could try to find some treatment in order to help their children get rid of drugs. Therefore, it is also an effective way in preventing teenage drug abuse. 18 Parents communicate more with their children 0% 21% 12% Very Effective Effective Not Effective Poor 67% Chart 10 According to chart 10, there are 79 %( 34/43) of respondents thinks that more communications between parents and children is an effective way in preventing teenage drug abuse. Parents are a very influential group in the life of teenagers. Although children may sometimes show rebellion to their parents, they usually tend to listen to the advice given by their parents. Parents could find out whether their children had taken drugs through rapid communications between parents and children. It is easier for the teenage drug addicts to get rid of drugs when they receive medical treatment as early as possible. They can also stop their children from abusing drugs once they found out that they had tried drugs before. Therefore, it is also an effective way in preventing teenage drug abuse. 5.6.1 Conclusion Among 10 preventive ways given in the questionnaire, most of the respondents believe that â€Å"Parents communicate more with their children†, â€Å"Parents cooperate with schools to keep an eye on the manner of teenagers† and â€Å"Government do more promotion on the bad effects of drug abusing† are the best ways in preventing teenage drug abuse. 19 5.7 Sources of information about drugs Where is your major source of information about drugs come from? 5% 19% Promotion by the government (e.g.: advertisement, leaflets) Books Newspaper 35% 9% Talks Internet Others 23% 9% Chart 11 According to chart11, there are 35% (15/43) of respondents obtain information about drugs through internet while there are 23% (10/43) of respondents obtain information about drugs through newspaper. Also, there are 19% (8/43) of respondents obtain information about drugs through promotions by government. This shows that the Hong Kong has pay great attention onto the problem of teenage drug abuse which can provide a good environment in preventing teenage drug abuse. 5.8 Interview I had done an interview with Miss.Fung, a teenage social worker who has handled numerous of cases about teenage drug abuse. She gave a detailed distribution about the cause and bad effects of teenage drug abuse which is very similar to the data collected through questionnaire. However, she gave a great suggestion in preventing teenage drug abuse. She suggested that the government should turn the voluntary drug testing scheme into a compulsory drug testing scheme. She believed this would be a very effective way in preventing teenage drug abuse. 20 6. Conclusion From the research, we found that most of the people think that the problem of teenage drug abuse is very common in Hong Kong. Therefore, the problem of teenage drug abuse is quite serious in Hong Kong that we should pay attention on it and try to take actions to stop this problem from becoming more serious in the future. The main reasons that drive teenage abusing drugs are peer influence, seeking for excitement and escaping from sadness. Between all these reasons, peer influence is a major cause of teenage drug abuse as they do not want to refuse the requests of their friends in order to gain recognition. Therefore, we need to consider some preventive measures of teenage drug abuse that could address to this main cause. There are many bad effects that are caused by teenage drug abuse. The most common bad effects are addition, waning of memory and depression. All these bad effects would have great impact towards the teenage drug addicts which may badly affect their personal growth and development. We also found that more communications between parents and children, cooperation between parents and school in order to keep an eye on the manner of teenagers, more government promotions about the bad effects of drug abuse can help in preventing teenage drug abuse. Also, imposing a compulsory drug testing scheme in order to find out teenage drug addicts in Hong Kong is also an effective way in preventing teenage drug abuse. 21 7. Reflective After finishing the whole projects, I found that I have learned many things through doing this project. I have a more clear understanding towards teenage drug abuse in this moment. Although it is very great that I could learn so many things in this project, this project is a very difficult task for me as I need to finish it by myself. The level of difficulty is three time that of finishing a group work project. In the beginning, I chose teenage drug abuse as my enquiry theme because I think this topic is really easy. I can easily find many sources about teenage drugs abuse. Hence, I can finish my project as soon as possible. However, I am totally wrong. There are many difficulties I faced during the project. I found it difficult to identify the useful information about teenage drug abuse from a long passage of article. It took a long time to read through the sources and extract useful information from them. The techniques taught by teacher in choosing articles helped me to save up the time for reading useless articles. Besides, most of the information about teenage drug abuse is secondary source. Therefore, I have to find some primary sources so as to enable my project to be a more comprehensive project. Then, I chose to do interviews with social workers in order to obtain primary sources. This is another difficult task that I have to tackle with during the project. I found it difficult to look for social workers that are willing to do interview with me. After making several times of invitations, I successfully find a social worker to help me in doing the interview. Although I can only do the interview through phones, this interview helps me greatly in doing this project. As a whole, I think it is a very valuable experience in finishing such a big project by myself. Besides the knowledge I obtained from the project, I also learn some ways in tackling difficulties which are very important that I could never learn them through books. I believe these problem 22 tacking skills would be very useful even I am in the university. (Word Count: 4558) 23 8. Bibliography Type of materials Newspaper Books/ Articles/ Reports 2.é â€™Ã¥ °â€˜Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã¦ ¿ «Ã¨â€" ¥ Ã¥  ¯Ã¦â‚¬ ¥Ã¦â‚¬ §Ã¤ ¸ ­Ã¦ ¯â€™Ã¦ ­ » æ  ±Ã¦â€" ¹Ã¦â€" ¥Ã¥   ± 1.Dennis Erng and Advian (Author) (October 18, 2010) South China morning Post (A1) é ¦â„¢ æ ¸ ¯ Ã¥ ¤ § Ã¥ ­ ¸ æ Å½ 嘉 è ª   é† « Ã¥ ­ ¸ é™ ¢ å…’ ç « ¥ Ã¥ Å  é â€™ Ã¥ °â€˜ Ã¥ ¹ ´ ç §â€˜ Ã¥ ­ ¸ ç ³ » è‡ ¨ Ã¥ ºÅ  å‰ ¯ æ•™ 授 (auth or) (September 5,2010) 3.æ   ¡ Ã¥Å"’ é ©â€" æ ¯â€™ è ¨Ë† ç• « æ“ ¬ æ“ ´ è‡ ³ å… ¨ æ ¸ ¯ ä » » ç §â‚¬ ç ¾ ¤ ,Ã¥ ¼ µ ä ¸â‚¬ è  ¯ (author) 2010 Ã¥ ¹ ´ 9 æÅ"ˆ 30 æâ€" ¥ 星 Ã¥ ³ ¶ æâ€" ¥ Ã¥   ± 4.æâ€" °Ã¨Ë†Ë†Ã¨ ¿ ·Ã¥ ¹ »Ã¦ ¯â€™Ã¥â€œ Ã§â€ž ¡Ã§ ® ¡Ã¥Ë† ¶ æ  ±Ã¦â€" ¹Ã¦â€" ¥Ã¥   ± 5.æ ¿ «Ã¨â€" ¥Ã© â€™Ã¥ °â€˜Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã¥â€¦ «Ã¦Ë† Ã¨ ¨ËœÃ¦â€  ¶Ã¥ â€"æ   2011-01-18 星 Ã¥ ³ ¶ æâ€" ¥ Ã¥   ± 6.é â€™Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã¦ ¿ «Ã¨â€" ¥Ã¥â‚¬â€¹Ã¦ ¡Ë†Ã¦â‚¬ ¥Ã¥ ¢Å¾Ã¤ ¸â€°Ã¦Ë†  (星å ³ ¶)2010 Ã¥ ¹ ´ 12 æÅ"ˆ 26 æâ€" ¥ 星æÅ"Ÿæâ€" ¥ è ¨ËœÃ¨â‚¬â€¦Ã¯ ¼Å¡Ã¥ ¼ µÃ¤ ¸â‚¬Ã¨  ¯ Teen Drug Use Increasing in Hong Kong September 8, 2009 ç› ¸Ã© â€¡=å‚ ·Ã§â„¢â€™Ã¢â€â‚¬Ã¢â€â‚¬Ã¦Ë†â€™Ã¦ ¯â€™Ã¦ ­ ·Ã§ ¨â€¹Ã§â€Å¸Ã¥â€˜ ½Ã¦â€¢â€¦Ã¤ ºâ€¹Ã©â€ºâ€  é™ ³Ã¥Å"‹æ º ªÃ£â‚¬ Ã© º ¥Ã¥ ® ¶Ã¨ ¼ Ã§ · ¨Ã¨â€˜â€" Problems arising from drug abuse 戒æ ¯â€™Ã¥ ¦â€šÃ¤ ½â€¢Ã¤ ¸â‚¬Ã¤ ¸â€"æâ€" ·Ã¥ ° ¾ Websites: æ Å½Ã¥ ° Ã§ Å  Ã¥ ¤ ©Ã© â€œÃ¦â€º ¸Ã¦ ¨â€œÃ¥â€¡ ºÃ§â€°Ë† 星å ³ ¶Ã¦â€" ¥Ã¥   ± æŽ ¢ Ã¥ °â€ž 燈 Ã¥ °  ç µâ€ž (auth or) (October 7,2010) by Valerie Belew, eHow Contributor ICE Case Studies http://wwwl.aeric.edu/ied/ice/DIAOYU.htm Video: Cheng-China Huang (July 1997) http://programme.rthk.hk/rthk/tv/programme.php?name=tv/drugbattle2011&p=4987&m=archi ve&page=1&item=100 24 9. Appendix Questionnaire I am a F.5 student of St. Francis’ Canossian College. I am doing a survey about teenage drug abuse in Hong Kong. Please fill in the questionnaire below. The information will be used for academic purposes only. Please put a tick in the chosen boxes. 1. Age: ââ€" ¡ 12-18 ââ€" ¡ 19-22 ââ€" ¡ 23or above 2. Have you ever abuse drugs before? Yes ââ€" ¡ No 3. What is meant by drug abuse? 4. Do you think the problem of teenage drug abuse is common in Hong Kong? ââ€" ¡ Yes ââ€" ¡ No 5. What cause teenagers to take drugs? (Can choose more than one blanks) ââ€" ¡ Peer influence ââ€" ¡ Seeking for excitement ââ€" ¡ ââ€" ¡ ââ€" ¡ ââ€" ¡ Escaping from the sadness Imitating the manner of parents Underestimate the bad effects of drugs Others: (please specify) 6. Do you think drug abuse will bring any negative impacts towards the society? ââ€" ¡ Yes ââ€" ¡ No 7. Are the following the negative impacts of drug abuse? ( can choose more than one blanks) ââ€" ¡ Addiction (æˆ Ã§â„¢ ®) ââ€" ¡ Respiratory depression(Ã¥ £â€œÃ¦Å â€˜Ã¥â€˜ ¼Ã¥  ¸) ââ€" ¡ Nausea (å™ Ã¥ ¿Æ') ââ€" ¡ Loss of appetite (é £Å¸Ã¦â€¦ ¾Ã¤ ¸ Ã¦Å' ¯) ââ€" ¡ Waning of memory (è ¨ËœÃ¦â€  ¶Ã¥Å â€ºÃ¨ ¡ °Ã©â‚¬â‚¬) ââ€" ¡ Dehydration (è„ «Ã¦ ° ´) ââ€" ¡ Depression (抑é ¬ ±) 25 ââ€" ¡ Insomnia (Ã¥ ¤ ±Ã§Å"  ) ââ€" ¡ Dizziness (暈çÅ" ©) 8. Do you know what the School-Based mandatory drug testing scheme about? ââ€" ¡ Yes (please answer question 7) ââ€" ¡ No (please move on answering question 8) 9. Do you think the scheme can decrease the number of teenagers take drugs? ââ€" ¡ Yes ââ€" ¡ No 10. Do you know about any promotion on preventive measures of drug abuse done by the government? ââ€" ¡ Yes ââ€" ¡ No 11. How effective are the following methods help preventing teenage drugs abuse? Circle the number. Very Effective Parents communicate more with their children Parents learn more about the symptom of drug abusing Parents cooperate with schools to keep an eye on the manner of teenagers Government do more promotion on the bad effects of drug abusing Government proposed a mandatory drug testing scheme Government send more social workers to talk with drug abuser Government build more drug rehabilitation centers (戒æ ¯â€™Ã¤ ¸ ­Ã¥ ¿Æ') School provide sources to teachers so as to let them know more about the symptoms of drug abusing Hold more talks to educate the teenagers at school 26 Effective 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Not Effective 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Poor 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 2 1 Teacher communicate more with students 4 3 2 1 12. Where did you get the information about drugs? (Can choose more than one blanks) ââ€" ¡ Promotion by the government (e.g.: advertisement, leaflets) ââ€" ¡ Books ââ€" ¡ Newspaper ââ€" ¡ Talks ââ€" ¡ Internet ââ€" ¡ Others: (please specify) This is the end of the questionnaire. Thank you for finishing the questionnaire. Charts: 1. Age: Age 0% 7% 12 to 18 19-22 23 or above 93% A-12-18 (40) B-18-22 (3) C-23or above (0) 27 2 Have you ever abuse drugs before? Have you ever abuse drugs before? 26% Yes No 74% A- Yes (11) B. No (32) 3. What is meant by drug abuse? Definition provided by respondents Misuse of prescription or over-the-counter drugs No of respondents 3 5 10 25 A maladaptive pattern of use of a substance that is not considered dependent Intake of illegal drugs Over intake of certain drugs which lead to addiction 4. Do you think the problem of teenage drug abuse is common in Hong Kong? Do you think the problem of teenage drug abuse is common in Hong Kong? 16% Yes No 84% A-Yes (36) B-No (7) 28 4.What cause teenagers to take drugs? (Can choose more than one blanks) What cause teenagers to take drugs? (Can choose more than one blanks) 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 34 27 20 12 6 5 Peer influence Seeking for excitement Escaping from the sadness Imitating the manner of parents Underestimate the bad effects of drugs Others A- Peer influence (34) B- Seeking for excitement (27) C- Escaping from the sadness (20) D- Imitating the manner of parents (6) E- Underestimate the bad effects of drugs (12) F- Others (5) No Selection (0) Select 1 item (10) Select 3 items (15) Select 5 items (1) Select 2 items (12) Select 4 items (5) Select 6 items (0) 5. Do you think drug abuse will bring any negative impacts towards the society? Do you think drug abuse will bring any negative impacts towards the society? 0% Yes No 100% A-Yes (43) B-No (0) 29 6. Are the following the negative impacts of drug abuse? Are the following the negative impacts of drug abuse? 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 39 25 17 10 17 10 20 14 17 No Selection (0) Select 1 item (3) Select 5 items (4) Select 9 items (3) 7. Do you know what the School-Based mandatory drug testing scheme about? Select 2 items (13) Select 6 items (5) Select 3 items (6) Select 7 items (3) Select 4 items (6) Select 8 items (0) Do you know what the School-Based mandatory drug testing scheme about? 2% Yes No 98% A- Yes (please answer question 7) (42) B- No (please move on answering question 8) (1) 30 8. Do you think the scheme can decrease the number of teenagers take drugs? Do you think the scheme can decrease the number of teenagers take drugs? 33% Yes No 67% A- Yes (28) B- No (14) 9. Do you know about any promotion on preventing drug abusing done by the government? Do you know about any promotion on preventive measures of drug abuse done by the government? 16% Yes No 84% A- Yes (36) No (7) 10. How effective are the following methods help preventing teenage drugs abuse? 31 Parents communicate more with their children 0% 12% 21% Very Effective Effective Not Effective Poor 67% A-Very Effective (5) B-Effective (29) C-Not Effective (9) D-Poor (0) Parents learn more about the symptom of drug abusing 0% 9% 30% Very Effective Effective Not Effective Poor 61% A-Very Effective (4) B-Effective (26) C-Not Effective (13) D-Poor (0) 32 Parents cooperate with schools to keep an eye on the manner of teenagers 0% 14% 14% Very Effective Effective Not Effective Poor 72% A- Very Effective (6) B- Effective (31) C- Not Effective (6) D- Poor (0) Government proposed a mandatory drug testing scheme 2% 7% 28% Very Effective Effective Not Effective Poor 63% A- Very Effective (3) B- Effective (27) C- Not Effective (12) D- Poor (1) 33 Government do more promotion on the bad effects of drug abusing 2% 12% 21% Very Effective Effective Not Effective Poor 65% A- Very Effective (9) B- Effective (28) C- Not Effective (5) D- Poor (1) Government send more social workers to talk with drug abuser 5% 7% 21% Very Effective Effective Not Effective Poor 67% A- Very Effective (3) B- Effective (29) C- Not Effective (9) D- Poor (2) 34 Government build more drug rehabilitation centers (戒æ ¯â€™Ã¤ ¸ ­Ã¥ ¿Æ') 5% 23% 16% Very Effective Effective Not Effective Poor 56% A- Very Effective (7) B- Effective (24) C- Not Effective (10) D- Poor (2) School provide sources to teachers so as to let them know more about the symptoms of drug abusing 2% 5% Very Effective 30% Effective Not Effective 63% Poor A- Very Effective (2) B- Effective (27) C- Not Effective (13) D- Poor (1) 35 Hold more talks to educate the teenagers at school 2% 9% Very Effective 28% 61% Effective Not Effective Poor Very Effective A(1) B- Effective (26) C- Not Effective (12) DPoor (4) Teacher communicate more with students 0% 9% Very Effective 42% Effective Not Effective 49% Poor A-Very Effective (4) B-Effective (21) C-Not Effective (18) D-Poor (0) 11. Where did you get the information about drugs? 36 Where is your major source of information about drugs come from? 5% 19% Promotion by the government (e.g.: advertisement, leaflets) Books Newspaper 35% 9% Talks Internet Others 23% 9% Promotion by the government (e.g.: advertisement, leaflets) Books (4) Newspaper (10) Talks (4) Internet (15) Others (2) Identities of respondents Submit Time Apr-12-2011 1:33 am Apr-12-2011 01:35 am Apr-12-2011 01:49 am Apr-12-2011 03:57 am Apr-12-2011 12:40 pm Apr-12-2011 12:49 pm Apr-12-2011 04:34 pm Apr-12-2011 05:02 pm Apr-12-2011 06:37 pm Apr-12-2011 06:45 pm Apr-12-2011 07:10 pm Apr-12-2011 07:37 pm Apr-12-2011 08:11 pm 37 (8) IP Address 218.253.118.159 116.48.84.219 61.10.137.36 99.238.61.74 173.58.21.249 113.255.170.79 223.19.184.136 218.102.79.213 116.48.75.180 59.149.153.34 203.185.58.179 113.254.253.200 112.119.248.186 Host Name cm218-253-118-159.hkcable.com.hk n1164884219.netvigator.com cm61-10-137-36.hkcable.com.hk CPE002401e5519f-CM00252eac3ca8.cpe.ne t.cable.rogers.com pool-173-58-21-249.lsanca.fios.verizon.net 113.255.170.79 223.19.184.136 pcd547213.netvigator.com n1164875180.netvigator.com 059149153034.ctinets.com 203185058179.res.dyn.ctinets.com 113.254.253.200 n112119248186.netvigator.com Apr-12-2011 08:25 pm Apr-12-2011 08:44 pm Apr-12-2011 08:47 pm Apr-12-2011 09:06 pm Apr-13-2011 10:46 pm Apr-14-2011 01:38 pm Apr-14-2011 07:24 pm Apr-14-2011 07:35 pm Apr-14-2011 07:54 pm Apr-14-2011 09:57 pm Apr-16-2011 05:51 pm Apr-16-2011 08:01 pm Apr-16-2011 11:59 pm Apr-17-2011 06:00 pm Apr-18-2011 08:49 pm Apr-18-2011 09:07 pm Apr-19-2011 01:13 am Apr-19-2011 03:22 pm Apr-22-2011 09:29 pm Apr-24-2011 02:29 pm Apr-26-2011 04:50 pm Apr-27-2011 06:48 pm Apr-28-2011 12:46 pm Apr-29-2011 03:27 pm Apr-29-2011 06:40 pm Apr-29-2011 11:00 pm Apr-30-2011 12:35 am Apr-30-2011 09:03 pm Apr-30-2011 09:20 pm 1.64.165.238 183.178.233.130 218.102.78.191 183.178.233.130 219.77.191.43 210.0.215.8 219.78.208.104 119.236.24.10 61.15.71.5 119.236.6.158 113.252.34.192 182.152.192.106 61.244.123.197 58.152.150.46 219.77.185.170 218.103.150.72 112.118.163.103 61.18.212.47 203.218.91.96 218.102.80.176 203.218.217.113 1.64.55.82 112.118.142.138 58.152.235.175 112.118.161.164 183.178.233.130 203.223.234.196 116.49.135.19 116.49.87.171 1-64-165-238.static.netvigator.com 183178233130.ctinets.com pcd546191.netvigator.com 183178233130.ctinets.com n219077191043.netvigator.com 210.0.215.8 n219078208104.netvigator.com n11923624010.netvigator.com cm61-15-71-5.hkcable.com.hk n1192366158.netvigator.com 113.252.34.192 m182-152-192-106.smartone-vodafone.com 061244123197.ctinets.com n058152150046.netvigator.com n219077185170.netvigator.com n218103150072.netvigator.com n112118163103.netvigator.com cm61-18-212-47.hkcable.com.hk pcd301096.netvigator.com pcd548176.netvigator.com pcd427113.netvigator.com 1-64-55-082.static.netvigator.com n112118142138.netvigator.com n058152235175.netvigator.com n112118161164.netvigator.com 183178233130.ctinets.com 203.223.234.196 n11649135019.netvigator.com n1164987171.netvigator.com n11649154003.netvigator.com May-01-2011 06:51 pm 116.49.154.3 38 Interview transcripts Date: 10th April, 2011 Time: 5:00p.m.-5:30p.m. Mode of interview: personal interview è ¨ ªÃ¥â€¢ Ã§ ¨ ¿ I:è ¨ ªÃ¥â€¢ Ã¨â‚¬â€¦ K:é ¦ ®Ã¦ µ ·Ã¥â€¦â€™Ã§ ¤ ¾Ã¥ · ¥ I:é ¦ ®Ã¥â€¦Ë†Ã§â€Å¸, ä ½  Ã¥ ¥ ½Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ¥  Ã¥Ë†â€ Ã¦â€žÅ¸Ã¨ ¬ Ã¤ ½  Ã© ¡ËœÃ¦â€ž Ã¦Å  ½Ã§ © ºÃ¦Å½ ¥Ã¥ â€"我的è ¨ ªÃ¥â€¢ Ã£â‚¬â€š K:ä ¸ Ã§â€ ¨Ã¨ ¬ Ã¯ ¼Å'我ä º ¦Ã¥  Ã¥Ë†â€ Ã¦â€žÅ¸Ã¨ ¬ Ã¤ ½  Ã§Å¡â€žÃ©â€šâ‚¬Ã¨ «â€¹Ã£â‚¬â€š I:Ã¥ ¥ ½Ã¤ ºâ€ Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ¤ ºâ€¹Ã¤ ¸ Ã¤ ¸â€Ã¨ ¾ ­Ã¯ ¼Å'我們ç «â€¹Ã¥  ³Ã©â€"‹å §â€¹Ã©â‚¬ ²Ã¨ ¡Å'è ¨ ªÃ¥â€¢ Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ¦Ë†â€˜Ã§â€º ¸Ã¤ ¿ ¡Ã¤ ½  Ã¥ · ²Ã¦ ¸â€¦Ã¦ ¥Å¡Ã¤ »Å Ã¦â€" ¥Ã¨ ¨ ªÃ¥â€¢ Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¤ ¸ »Ã© ¡Å'æ˜ ¯Ã¦Å"‰éâ€"Å"ä ½  Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¥ °Ë†Ã¦ ¥ ­, é â€™Ã¥ °â€˜Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã¥  ¸Ã¦ ¯â€™Ã¥â€¢ Ã© ¡Å'。é ¦â€"å…ˆ, ä ½  Ã¨ ª Ã§â€š ºÃ© ¦â„¢Ã¦ ¸ ¯Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¥  ¸Ã¦ ¯â€™Ã¥â€¢ Ã© ¡Å'æ˜ ¯Ã¥  ¦Ã¥Å¡ ´Ã©â€¡ Ã¥â€˜ ¢Ã¯ ¼Å¸ K: é ¦â„¢Ã¦ ¸ ¯Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¥  ¸Ã¦ ¯â€™Ã¥â€¢ Ã© ¡Å'Ã¥  ¯Ã¨ ¬â€šÃ¥Å¡ ´Ã©â€¡ Ã¤ ºâ€ , Ã¥ ° ±Ã¦Ë†â€˜Ã¨ ª Ã¨ ­ËœÃ§Å¡â€ žÃ¥  ¸Ã¦ ¯â€™Ã© â€™Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã¥ · ²Ã© Å½Ã§â„¢ ¾Ã¤ ºâ€ , æ› ´Ã¤ ¸ Ã¨ ¦ Ã¨ «â€"å… ¶Ã¤ »â€"ç ¤ ¾Ã¥ · ¥Ã¦â€°â‚¬Ã¨ ª Ã¨ ­ËœÃ§Å¡â€ž ä ºâ€ Ã£â‚¬â€š I:這ä ¹Å¸Ã§ ®â€"é  â€"åš ´Ã©â€¡ Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¤ ºâ€ Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ©â€š £Ã¤ ½  Ã¨ ª Ã§â€š ºÃ¥ °Å½Ã¨â€¡ ´Ã© â€™Ã¥ °â€˜Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã¥  ¸Ã¦ ¯â€™Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¥Å½Å¸Ã¥â€º  Ã¦Ëœ ¯Ã¤ »â‚¬Ã© º ¼? 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Examine Pushkin’s Use of the Supernatural in ‘Pikovaia Dama’

Examine Pushkin’s use of the supernatural in ‘Pikovaia dama’ (‘The Queen of Spades’). To what extent could this text be described as a ‘ghost story’? The first setting is a card party hosted by Narumov of the Horse Guards. Hermann the young engineer was always watching the others play until the early hours of the morning but had never actually partaken in the card game himself. Tomsky starts to talk about his grandmother, Countess Anna Fedotovna. All the others listen eagerly while he tells a story about his grandmother’s gambling sixty years ago in Paris. She had lost a large sum playing the card game Faro.When her husband refused to pay off her debts, which she could not do so herself she has to look elsewhere for the money. Tomsky goes on to tell of his grandmother’s acquaintance with a man named Count de Saint-Germain, â€Å"the subject of so many weird and wonderful tales†. One of those tales mentioned in the nov ella is that he was the inventor of the elixir of life. A potion which could be used to bring eternal life to whoever drank it. This is the first sign of the supernatural in the story. Pushkin by no means shows any feeling of the tales of Count de Saint-Germain to be true.It is actually quite the contrary as Tomsky starts off by saying â€Å"You know he passed himself off as the†¦ † indicating that he was trying to convince people he was but in actual fact very few believed him. Also the use of â€Å"and so forth† indicates he is getting bored of listing these ‘wonderful’ tales about the Count. He then goes on to say that people used to ridicule him. For all the Count’s mysteriousness he was though a very wealthy man. The Countess requested to meet with him in the hope that he would pay off her debts out of the kindness of his heart.After all, that kind of money would not even make a small dent in the Count’s wallet. After pondering her proposal he said â€Å"I can accommodate you as far as the sum of money goes, but I know you would be at ease until you had repaid me, and I would not wish to encumber you with fresh worries†. Instead he wanted to give her a secret which would allow her to win all her money back. By now all the guests at the card party were listening intently. The countess turned up at a card game the same evening the Count had given her the secret.Playing Faro, the same game they themselves were playing at the part, the Countess selected three cards. All three cards won, coming up one after another and she had recouped all of her losses. There was a very sceptical reaction to the story. One said â€Å"Pure luck! † and Hermann remarked â€Å"A tall story†. Tomsky also tell of his grandmother passing down the secret once to a young man she took pity on. He also won with all three cards. Without calculating the odds it is fair to say that Pushkin is not expecting us to believe tha t these sequences have occurred twice out of pure luck.Therefore it is up to the reader to decide in this situation if the tale of the magical secret should be believed. It is not being told from the narrator’s point of view but instead from Tomsky’s. It could be perceived as being no more than a drunken story made up in a bar to impress a few friends and acquaintances. The next time Pushkin presents with something of the supernatural is much later on in the story in chapter five. Since the time that Tomsky had told the story of his ageing grandmother’s secret, the young engineer, Hermann, had become obsessed with the notion.In trying to obtain the secret from the Countess he had accidentally killed her. Three days after that night he had decided to attend the funeral at a local monastery. After the oration at a full church the relatives were first to go up and take leave of the body. Then it was the turn of all other guests wanting to pay their respects. After many had gone it came to the turn of Hermann who was feeling no real remorse for killing the old lady. â€Å"He bowed to the ground and lay for several moments on the cold floor, strewn with fir-twigs.At length he rose, pale as the corpse itself, ascended the steps of the catafalque and bent down. †¦ At that moment it seemed to him that the deceased gave him a mocking glance and winked an eye. Hermann in hastily recoiling missed his footing and crashed faced upwards to the ground. He was helped to his feet†. The way Pushkin says in this paragraph â€Å"it seemed to him† almost implies that it did not actually happen at all and that it was only in Hermann’s imagination. This could be a as a result of guilt Hermann may feel for killing the old lady or could even be a sign that Hermann is going mad.Later that evening Hermann went to an inn and drank a fair amount of wine, which was very uncharacteristic for him. On arriving home he jumped straight into bed ful ly clothed and fell sound asleep. In the middle of the night he woke up because of the moonlight flooding his room. â€Å"At that moment someone peeped in at his window from the Street and immediately walked away. Hermann did not pay the slightest attention to this. A minute later he heard the door of the next room being opened. Hermann thought that it was his orderly, drunk as usual, coming home from a night walk.But he heard an unfamiliar footstep: someone was softly shuffling along in slippers. The door opened: a woman in a white dress came in. Hermann took her for his old nurse and wondered what could have brought her at such an hour. But gliding across the floor the white woman suddenly stood before him—and Hermann recognized the Countess! † â€Å"I have come to you against my will,' she said in a clear voice, ‘ but I am commanded to grant your request. Three, seven, and ace will win for you in succession, provided that you stake only one card each day and never in your life play again.I forgive you my death, on condition that you marry my ward, Lizaveta Ivanovna. . . .† Hermann was the only one to see this, his orderly remain asleep throughout the whole episode. Once again the element of supernatural is only witnessed by Hermann. On top of this he has been drinking heavily which Pushkin could have pointed out to lead us to believe that is was all in Hermann’s mind. With the three cards Hermann believed the Countess told him engraved in his mind he made his way to a card game in Petersburg. Hermann placed an extremely high stake on the first card, higher than the table had ever seen before.The dealer dealt and a three turned up on the left, a win for Hermann. The next evening he was back and placed even higher stakes on the seven card, another win. The next evening Hermann was back once again and everybody was gathered around the table in excitement. Hermann of course choosing ace as the Countess had told him. Tchekalinsk y began dealing; his hands trembled. A queen fell on the right, an ace on the left. ‘The ace has won! ‘ Hermann said, and showed his card. ‘Your queen has lost,' Tchekalinsky said kindly. Hermann shuddered; in fact, instead of an ace there lay before him a Queen of Spades.He could not believe his eyes or think how he could have made a mistake. At that moment it seemed to him that the Queen of Spades screwed up her eyes and gave a meaning smile. He was struck by the extraordinary likeness. . . .'The old woman! ‘ he cried in terror. On this occasion we can be sure that it’s all in Hermann’s mind as all the other players and spectators clearly see a different card to the one that Hermann is seeing. It also adds to the theory that Hermann was slowly losing his mind throughout the story with him finally being admitted to a mental hospital in the novella’s conclusion.In my opinion I think it would definitely be possible to label The Queen of Sp ades as a ghost story on the premise that the main character, Hermann, believes he sees a ghost. At the same time Pushkin seems to go out of his way to give us a logical reason for all of the supernatural occurrences in the story, whether it be alcohol, dreams, guilt or just simply hallucinations. There are also so many different layers to the story that labelling it a ghost story would omit so many other possible labels. Garry Evans

Desperation essays

Desperation essays Mary and Peter Jackson were driving down highway 50 in the middle of Nevada when Collie Entragian, the Desperation police officer, pulled them over for having a missing rear license plate. He told Peter that he could take the front license plate off and put it on the back and they should be ok. Peter went to the trunk of the car to get a tool kit under the spare tire. When he lifted up the tire to get the tools, Entragian and Peter found a bag of marijuana. Entragian started to get violent and he beat up Peter. It wasn't too bad, though. He arrested Peter and Mary and took them to the jail in Desperation. When the got the municipal building, Entragian shot Peter and killed him. He put Mary in the holding cells. Entragian's next victims were the Carver's. They lived in Ohio and were going on vacation to Lake Tahoe. They had gotten four flat tires on the RV that they were driving. Entragian saw that they were having trouble and he stopped to help them. He told them that there was a dangerous man on the loose and the reason that they had four flat tires because they ran over a spike strip that was supposed to stop the man. Collie took the Carvers, Ralph, Ellen, David, and Kirsten, to the municipal building. When they got there, Entragian pushed Kirsten down the stairs and killed her. He put the rest of them in the holding cells. Johnny Marinville was a famous writer, also known as a literary lion. He was traveling across country on a motorcycle to see if it would give him an idea for a new book. He also needed something interesting to do. While driving down Highway 50, Johnny decided to stop and use the bathroom. He pulled over and walked down into the ditch a ways and started to go. Just as he was finishing, along came Entragian. He recognized Johnny and was ecstatic to see him because he loved his books. As they were talking, Entragian spotted something sticking out of Johnny's carrying bags on his bike. He went over there to see...

Weather and Season Vocabulary in Chinese

Weather and Season Vocabulary in Chinese Talking about the weather is a great way to start a casual conversation. With these new  vocabulary words, youll be able to ask about the weather and describe seasons in Chinese.  Audio clips  to help with listening comprehension and pronunciation are marked with ââ€" º. Seasons in Chinese As you already know, there are four seasons: spring, summer, autumn, and winter. Lets learn the Mandarin Chinese names for these seasons. First off, we need to learn how to say season: seasonsââ€" ºjà ¬ jià ©Ã¢â‚¬â€¹(trad) Ã¥ ­ £Ã§ ¯â‚¬(simp) Ã¥ ­ £Ã¨Å â€š Lets move on to season names: springæ˜ ¥Ã¥ ¤ © ââ€" ºchÃ… «n tiÄ nsummerÃ¥ ¤ Ã¥ ¤ © ââ€" ºxi tiÄ nautumnç §â€¹Ã¥ ¤ © ââ€" ºqiÃ… « tiÄ nwinterå† ¬Ã¥ ¤ © ââ€" ºdÃ… ng tiÄ n Weather Vocabulary Now lets get more specific and talk about day-to-day weather. While reading through this vocabulary list, think about how you can apply these new words. What is the weather usually like in ç §â€¹Ã¥ ¤ © (qiÃ… « tiÄ n)? What about  Ã¥ ¤ Ã¥ ¤ © (xi tiÄ n)? What is the weather like for you today? weather(trad) Ã¥ ¤ ©Ã¦ ° £ / (simp) Ã¥ ¤ ©Ã¦ °â€ ââ€" ºtiÄ n qà ¬goodÃ¥ ¥ ½ ââ€" ºhÇŽosunnyæ™ ´Ã¦Å"â€" ââ€" ºqà ­ng lÇŽngovercast(trad) Ã¥ ¤Å¡Ã©â€º ²/ (simp) Ã¥ ¤Å¡Ã¤ ºâ€˜ ââ€" ºduÃ…  yà ºnrainingä ¸â€¹Ã©â€º ¨ ââ€" ºxi yÇ”snowingä ¸â€¹Ã©â€º ª ââ€" ºxi xuÄ›coldå† · ââ€" ºlÄ›nghot(trad) ç† ± /  (simp) çÆ' ­ ââ€" ºrà ¨warmæ º «Ã¦Å¡â€" ââ€" ºwÄ“n nuÇŽncoolæ ¶ ¼Ã§Ë† ½ ââ€" ºling shuÇŽng Sentence Examples About Weather Now that you have a basis in describing the weather, put it to use by incorporating this new vocabulary into a sentence.   Whats the weather like?ââ€" ºtiÄ n qà ¬ zÄ›n me yng?(trad) Ã¥ ¤ ©Ã¦ ° £Ã¦â‚¬Å½Ã© º ¼Ã¦ ¨ £?(simp) Ã¥ ¤ ©Ã¦ °â€Ã¦â‚¬Å½Ã¤ ¹Ë†Ã¦   ·?Its cold.ââ€" ºhÄ›n lÄ›ngÃ¥ ¾Ë†Ã¥â€  ·Its raining.ââ€" ºxi yÇ”ä ¸â€¹Ã©â€º ¨The weathers not good.ââ€" ºtiÄ n qà ¬ bà ¹ hÇŽo(trad) Ã¥ ¤ ©Ã¦ ° £Ã¤ ¸ Ã¥ ¥ ½(simp) Ã¥ ¤ ©Ã¦ °â€Ã¤ ¸ Ã¥ ¥ ½Its good.ââ€" ºhÄ›n hÇŽoÃ¥ ¾Ë†Ã¥ ¥ ½Its hot.ââ€" ºhÄ›n rà ¨(trad) Ã¥ ¾Ë†Ã§â€  ±(simp) Ã¥ ¾Ë†Ã§Æ' ­